Bioactive Macrolides and Polyketides from Marine Dinoflagellates of the Genus Amphidinium

• Published in: Journal of natural products (Washington, D.C.) Vol. 70; no. 3; pp. 451 - 460
• Main Authors: Kobayashi, Jun'ichi, Kubota, Takaaki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 01.03.2007; Glendale, AZ American Society of Pharmacognosy
• Subjects: Amphidinium; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Cyanobacteria; Dinoflagellida - chemistry; Dinoflagellida - genetics; General pharmacology; Macrolides - isolation & purification; Marine Biology; Medical sciences; Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Asia; Japan; Metabolite; Cytotoxicity; Biosynthesis; Review; Urochordata; Marine environment; Chemical synthesis; Secondary metabolism; Thallophyta; Ring size; Pharmacognosy; Algae; Long chain; Prochordata; Natural compound; Macrolide; Biological activity; Polyketide; Toxin; Dinophyta; Porifera; Plant origin; Isolation; Active ingredient; Sponge; Property structure relationship; Invertebrata; Structural analysis
• ISSN: 0163-3864; 1520-6025
• DOI: 10.1021/np0605844

Marine microorganisms such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, and others have attracted many natural product chemists as the real producers of marine toxins such as fish and algal poisons as well as bioactive substances isolated from marine invertebrates such as sponges and tunicates. Among marine microorganisms, dinoflagellates have proved to be important sources of marine toxins and have been investigated worldwide by natural product chemists. We have continued investigations on chemically interesting and biologically significant secondary metabolites from Amphidinium spp., of a genus of symbiotic marine dinoflagellates separated from inside cells of Okinawan marine flatworms. This review covers the results described in our recent publications on a series of cytotoxic macrolides, designated amphidinolides, and long-chain polyketides isolated from Amphidinium spp. In this review, topics include the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis, and bioactivity of amphidinolides and long-chain polyketides.