The Microbiome and Human Biology

Over the past few years, microbiome research has dramatically reshaped our understanding of human biology. New insights range from an enhanced understanding of how microbes mediate digestion and disease processes (e.g., in inflammatory bowel disease) to surprising associations with Parkinson's...

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Published inAnnual review of genomics and human genetics Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 65 - 86
Main Authors Knight, Rob, Callewaert, Chris, Marotz, Clarisse, Hyde, Embriette R, Debelius, Justine W, McDonald, Daniel, Sogin, Mitchell L
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Annual Reviews 31.08.2017
Subjects
Animals
DNA sequencing
gut-brain axis
Humans
Immune System
immunology
metabolism
Metabolome
Metagenome
metagenomics
microbiome
Microbiota - genetics
neuroscience
Sequence Analysis, DNA
metagenomics
neuroscience
metabolism
immunology
microbiome
DNA sequencing
gut-brain axis
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Summary:Over the past few years, microbiome research has dramatically reshaped our understanding of human biology. New insights range from an enhanced understanding of how microbes mediate digestion and disease processes (e.g., in inflammatory bowel disease) to surprising associations with Parkinson's disease, autism, and depression. In this review, we describe how new generations of sequencing technology, analytical advances coupled to new software capabilities, and the integration of animal model data have led to these new discoveries. We also discuss the prospects for integrating studies of the microbiome, metabolome, and immune system, with the goal of elucidating mechanisms that govern their interactions. This systems-level understanding will change how we think about ourselves as organisms.
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ISSN:1527-8204
1545-293X
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genom-083115-022438