Measuring gravel transport and dispersion in a mountain river using passive radio tracers

• Published in: Earth surface processes and landforms Vol. 37; no. 10; pp. 1034 - 1045
• Main Authors: Nathan Bradley, D., Tucker, Gregory E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.08.2012; Wiley
• Subjects: bedload transport; Bgi / Prodig; Fluvial forms and processes; Geomorphology; Physical geography; PIT tags; RFID; stochastic models; tracers; Colorado; United States of America; Stochastic model; Sediment load; Mountain; Methodology; Tracer; Experimentation; Stream; Sediment transport
• ISSN: 0197-9337; 1096-9837
• DOI: 10.1002/esp.3223

ABSTRACT Random walk models of fluvial sediment transport recognize that grains move intermittently, with short duration steps separated by rests that are comparatively long. These models are built upon the probability distributions of the step length and the resting time. Motivated by these models, tracer experiments have attempted to measure directly the steps and rests of sediment grains in natural streams. This paper describes results from a large tracer experiment designed to test stochastic transport models. We used passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to label 893 coarse gravel clasts and placed them in Halfmoon Creek, a small alpine stream near Leadville, Colorado, USA. The PIT tags allow us to locate and identify tracers without picking them up or digging them out of the streambed. They also enable us to find a very high percentage of our rocks, 98% after three years and 96% after the fourth year. We use the annual tracer displacement to test two stochastic transport models, the Einstein–Hubbell–Sayre (EHS) model and the Yang–Sayre gamma‐exponential model (GEM). We find that the GEM is a better fit to the observations, particularly for slower moving tracers and suggest that the strength of the GEM is that the gamma distribution of step lengths approximates a compound Poisson distribution. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.