Interstellar Dust Grain Alignment

• Published in: Annual review of astronomy and astrophysics Vol. 53; no. 1; pp. 501 - 539
• Main Authors: Andersson, B-G, Lazarian, A, Vaillancourt, John E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Palo Alto Annual Reviews 18.08.2015; Annual Reviews, Inc
• Subjects: Alignment; Astronomy; Asymmetry; Dust; Grains; Interstellar; ISM: extinction; ISM: magnetic fields; Magnetic fields; Mathematical models; polarization; Radiation; Stars & galaxies; Wavelengths
• ISSN: 0066-4146; 1545-4282
• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122414

Interstellar polarization at optical-to-infrared wavelengths is known to arise from asymmetric dust grains aligned with the magnetic field. This effect provides a potentially powerful probe of magnetic field structure and strength if the details of the grain alignment can be reliably understood. Theory and observations have recently converged on a quantitative, predictive description of interstellar grain alignment based on radiative processes. The development of a general, analytical model for this radiative alignment torque (RAT) theory has allowed specific, testable predictions for realistic interstellar conditions. We outline the theoretical and observational arguments in favor of RAT alignment, as well as reasons the "classical" paramagnetic alignment mechanism is unlikely to work, except possibly for the very smallest grains. With further detailed characterization of the RAT mechanism, grain alignment and polarimetry promise to not only better constrain the interstellar magnetic field but also provide new information on the dust characteristics.