Using abstract language signals power

• Published in: Journal of personality and social psychology Vol. 107; no. 1; p. 41
• Main Authors: Wakslak, Cheryl J, Smith, Pamela K, Han, Albert
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.07.2014
• Subjects: Adult; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Power (Psychology); Social Distance; Social Perception; Verbal Behavior - physiology
• ISSN: 1939-1315
• DOI: 10.1037/a0036626

Power can be gained through appearances: People who exhibit behavioral signals of power are often treated in a way that allows them to actually achieve such power (Ridgeway, Berger, & Smith, 1985; Smith & Galinsky, 2010). In the current article, we examine power signals within interpersonal communication, exploring whether use of concrete versus abstract language is seen as a signal of power. Because power activates abstraction (e.g., Smith & Trope, 2006), perceivers may expect higher power individuals to speak more abstractly and therefore will infer that speakers who use more abstract language have a higher degree of power. Across a variety of contexts and conversational subjects in 7 experiments, participants perceived respondents as more powerful when they used more abstract language (vs. more concrete language). Abstract language use appears to affect perceived power because it seems to reflect both a willingness to judge and a general style of abstract thinking.