Cellulose Nanofibers Prepared by TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Native Cellulose

Never-dried and once-dried hardwood celluloses were oxidized by a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated system, and highly crystalline and individualized cellulose nanofibers, dispersed in water, were prepared by mechanical treatment of the oxidized cellulose/water slurries....

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Bibliographic Details
Published inBiomacromolecules Vol. 8; no. 8; pp. 2485 - 2491
Main Authors Saito, Tsuguyuki, Kimura, Satoshi, Nishiyama, Yoshiharu, Isogai, Akira
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Washington, DC American Chemical Society 01.08.2007
Subjects
Applied sciences
Cellulose - chemistry
Cellulose and derivatives
Cyclic N-Oxides - chemistry
Exact sciences and technology
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Nanostructures - chemistry
Natural polymers
Oxidation-Reduction
Physicochemistry of polymers
Water - chemistry
Artificial fiber
Nitroxyl
Dispersion degree
Shear flow
Cellulose
Nanofiber
Experimental study
Sodium Hypochlorites
Preparation
Cellulose derivatives
Oxidation
Liquid solid reaction
Flow curve
Nanostructured materials
Aqueous dispersion
Heterogeneous reaction
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Summary:Never-dried and once-dried hardwood celluloses were oxidized by a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated system, and highly crystalline and individualized cellulose nanofibers, dispersed in water, were prepared by mechanical treatment of the oxidized cellulose/water slurries. When carboxylate contents formed from the primary hydroxyl groups of the celluloses reached approximately 1.5 mmol/g, the oxidized cellulose/water slurries were mostly converted to transparent and highly viscous dispersions by mechanical treatment. Transmission electron microscopic observation showed that the dispersions consisted of individualized cellulose nanofibers 3−4 nm in width and a few microns in length. No intrinsic differences between never-dried and once-dried celluloses were found for preparing the dispersion, as long as carboxylate contents in the TEMPO-oxidized celluloses reached approximately 1.5 mmol/g. Changes in viscosity of the dispersions during the mechanical treatment corresponded with those in the dispersed states of the cellulose nanofibers in water.
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ISSN:1525-7797
1526-4602
DOI:10.1021/bm0703970