The 100–133 ka record of Italian explosive volcanism and revised tephrochronology of Lago Grande di Monticchio

• Published in: Quaternary science reviews Vol. 58; pp. 104 - 123
• Main Authors: Wulf, Sabine, Keller, Jörg, Paterne, Martine, Mingram, Jens, Lauterbach, Stefan, Opitz, Stephan, Sottili, Gianluca, Giaccio, Biagio, Albert, Paul G., Satow, Chris, Tomlinson, Emma L., Viccaro, Marco, Brauer, Achim
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 14.12.2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: Central Mediterranean; Continental interfaces, environment; Freshwater; Italian volcanism; Lago Grande di Monticchio; Ocean, Atmosphere; Sciences of the Universe; Tephrochronology; MED, Italy, Campania, Ischia I; MED, Ionian Sea; MED, Eastern Mediterranean; Italian volcanism; Central Mediterranean; Tephrochronology; Lago Grande di Monticchio
• ISSN: 0277-3791; 1873-457X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.020

Laminated sediments of the maar lake Lago Grande di Monticchio in southern Italy exhibit a unique sequence of numerous primary tephra events that provide both insights into the Late Quaternary eruptive history of Italian volcanoes and an archive of essential marker horizons for dating and linking palaeoclimate records throughout the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. The acquisition of new sediment cores from this lake now extends the existing 100 ka-tephra record back to 133 ka BP, the end of the penultimate Glacial. The additional ca 30 m of sediments host a total number of 52 single tephra layers forming 21 tephra clusters that have been characterised on the basis of detailed geochemical and petrographical examinations. Tephras can be assigned to hitherto poorly known Plinian to sub-Plinian eruptive events of the nearby Campanian (Ischia Island, Phlegrean Fields), Roman (Sabatini volcanic district) and Aeolian-Sicilian volcanoes (Etna, Stromboli, Salina) and are dated according to the varve and sedimentation rate chronology of Monticchio sediments. The most prominent tephra layers within the interval of investigation – TM-25 and TM-27 – can be firmly correlated with Ionian Sea tephras X-5 (ca 105 ka BP) and X-6 (ca 108–110 ka BP). In addition, a further 26 tephra layers are correlated with radiometrically and radioisotopically dated volcanic events providing the basis for a robust revised tephrochronology of the entire Monticchio sediment sequence for the last 133 ka. ► A high-resolution tephrostratigraphical record in Italy extending back to 133 ka BP. ► 52 new tephra layers were described in the 100–133 ka time period. ► The ages of tephras are revised by improved varve chronology. ► Widespread tephra markers X-5 and X-6 are identified.