Effect of Exposure to Soil-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Milk Contaminations of Parent Compounds and Their Monohydroxylated Metabolites

• Published in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol. 54; no. 1; pp. 263 - 268
• Main Authors: Lutz, Sophie, Feidt, Cyril, Monteau, Fabrice, Rychen, Guido, Le Bizec, Bruno, Jurjanz, Stefan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 11.01.2006
• Subjects: Animals; Benzo(a)pyrene - administration & dosage; Benzo(a)pyrene - analysis; benzopyrene; bioaccumulation; Biological and medical sciences; Cattle; dairy cows; Female; fluorene; food contamination; Food Contamination - analysis; Food engineering; Food industries; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydroxylation; ingestion; Lactation; Life Sciences; metabolites; milk; Milk - chemistry; phenanthrene; Phenanthrenes - administration & dosage; Phenanthrenes - analysis; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis; pyrene (hydrocarbon); Pyrenes - administration & dosage; Pyrenes - analysis; Soil - analysis; soil pollution; Soils; Hydrocarbon; Metabolite; PAH; Cow milk; soil; Polycyclic aromatic compound; Mass spectrometry; metabolites; Contamination; HUMAN HEALTH; SOIL; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; DAIRY COW; POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONSl; FOOD CONTAMINATION; DANGER POUR LA SANTE
• ISSN: 0021-8561; 1520-5118
• DOI: 10.1021/jf0522210

The aim of this study was to determine the transfer kinetics of soil-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to milk in lactating cows. Soil (500 g/day) fortified with fluorene (104 μg/g dry soil), phenanthrene (82 μg/g), pyrene (78 μg/g), and benzo[a]pyrene (33 μg/g) was administered to three dairy cows via a rumen cannulas for 28 consecutive days. Parent compounds and their major metabolites in milk were measured using gas chromatography−mass spectrometry. Secretion of parent compounds in milk did not increase significantly (P > 0.05) over the control values measured before supply. Target monohydroxylated metabolites were not detected in control samples, but 2-hydroxy fluorene, 3-hydroxy phenanthrene, and 1-hydroxy pyrene were present in milk by the second day of dosing. The highest concentrations of metabolites in milk (31−39 ng/mL) were for 1-hydroxy pyrene at days 7 and 14 of dosing. The observed plateaus for 3-hydroxy phenanthrene and 2-hydroxy fluorene were lower (respectively, 0.69 and 2.79 ng/mL) but significantly increased in comparison to the control samples. Contrarily, 3-hydroxy benzo[a]pyrene was not detected in milk at any sampling time. These results suggested a notable metabolism of the parent compounds after their extraction from soil during the digestive transfer. Thus, the metabolization of fluorene and pyrene can lead to higher concentrations of metabolites than of parent compounds in milk. Despite the absence of a significant transfer of parent PAHs to milk, the appearance of metabolites raises the questions of their impact on human health. Keywords: PAH; metabolites; soil; cow milk; mass spectrometry