Biogeochemistry of household dust samples collected from private homes of a portuguese industrial city

• Published in: Geosciences Vol. 10; no. 10; pp. 392 - 20
• Main Authors: Marinho Reis, A. Paula, Costa, Cristiana, Rocha, Fernando, Cave, Mark, Wragg, Joanna, Valente, Teresa, Braga, Maria Amália Castro Sequeira, Noack, Yves
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI 01.10.2020; MDPI AG; Geological Survey of Iran
• Subjects: Age groups; Aluminium; Aluminum; Aluminum silicates; Amino acids; Antimony; Arsenic; Atmospheric particulates; Barges; Bioavailability; Biogeochemistry; Cadmium; Calcium; Calcium carbonate; Calcium carbonates; Carbonates; Carcinogens; Chemical elements; Chromium; Ciências da Terra e do Ambiente; Ciências Naturais; Cobalt; Copper; Dietary minerals; Discriminant analysis; Distribution; Dust; Dust storms; Earth science; Earth Sciences; Hazardous materials; Health risks; Home environment; Households; human exposure; Hydroxides; Ingestion; Iron constituents; Iron oxides; Lead; Mineralogy; Mobility; Nickel; oral bioaccessibility; Outdoor air quality; Pepsin; potentially toxic elements; Quality control; Quotients; Reference materials; Risk assessment; Science & Technology; Sciences of the Universe; Silicates; Solid phases; solid-phase distribution; Stomach; Tin; Trace elements; Urban areas; Weathering; Zinc; Netherlands; OHMi Estarreja; Elements traces métalliques; Labex DRIIHM; Pollution intérieure; Bioaccessibilité; Poussières au sol; Estarreja; Exposition
• ISSN: 2076-3263; 1023-7429; 2076-3263
• DOI: 10.3390/geosciences10100392

The main objectives of the present study were to (i) investigate the effects of mineralogy and solid-phase distribution on element bioaccessibility and (ii) perform a risk assessment to calculate the risks to human health via the ingestion pathway. Multiple discriminant analysis showed that the dust chemistry discriminates between indoor and outdoor samples. The solid-phase distribution of the elements in indoor dust indicated that a large proportion of zinc, nickel, lead, copper, and cobalt is associated with an aluminum oxy-hydroxides component, formed by the weathering of aluminum silicates. This component, which seems to influence the mobility of many trace elements, was identified for a group of indoor dust samples that probably had a considerable contribution from outdoor dust. An iron oxide component consisted of the highest percentage of chromium, arsenic, antimony, and tin, indicating low mobility for these elements. The bioaccessible fraction in the stomach phase from the unified BARGE method was generally high in zinc, cadmium, and lead and low in nickel, cobalt, copper, chromium, and antimony. Unlike other potentially toxic elements, copper and nickel associated with aluminum oxy-hydroxides and calcium carbonates were not extracted by the stomach solutions. These trace elements possibly form stable complexes with gastric fluid constituents such as pepsin and amino acid. Lead had a hazard quotient >1, which indicates the risk of non-carcinogenic health effects, especially for children. This research was by funded the LabexDRIIHM,Frenchprogramme“Investissementsd’Avenir”(ANR‐11‐LABX‐0010) which is managed by the ANR, and co‐funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund, based on COMPETE 2020 (Programa Operacional da Competitividade e Internacionalização), projects ICT UIDB/04683/2020 and UIDP/04683/2020, project GeoBioTec (UID/GEO/04035/2019) and national funds provided by the FCT ‐ Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia,I.P.