Similarities in the Aroma Chemistry of Gewürztraminer Variety Wines and Lychee (Litchi chinesis Sonn.) Fruit

• Published in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol. 47; no. 2; pp. 665 - 670
• Main Authors: Ong, Peter K. C, Acree, Terry E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 01.02.1999
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; canned fruit; chemical analysis; Fermented food industries; flavor compounds; Food industries; fresh products; Fruit - chemistry; fruits; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Litchi chinensis; Odorants - analysis; rapid methods; Smell; varieties; Vitis vinifera; Wine - analysis; wines; Wines and vinegars; Litchi; Fruit; White wine; Alsace wine; Homology; Chemical composition; Volatile organic compound; Aroma
• ISSN: 0021-8561; 1520-5118
• DOI: 10.1021/jf980452j

GC/O analysis of canned lychees indicated that cis-rose oxide, linalool, ethyl isohexanoate, geraniol, furaneol, vanillin, (E)-2-nonenal, β-damascenone, isovaleric acid, and (E)-furan linalool oxide were the most odor potent compounds detected in the fruit extracts. However, on the basis of calculated odor activity values (OAVs), cis-rose oxide, β-damascenone, linalool, furaneol, ethyl isobutyrate, (E)-2-nonenal, ethyl isohexanoate, geraniol, and δ-decalactone were determined to be the main contributors of canned lychee aroma. When these results were compared with GC/O results of fresh lychees and Gewürztraminer wine, 12 common odor-active volatile compounds were found in all three products. These included cis-rose oxide, ethyl hexanoate/ethyl isohexanoate, β-damascenone, linalool, ethyl isobutyrate, geraniol, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, 2-phenylethanol, furaneol, vanillin, citronellol, and phenethyl acetate. On the basis of OAVs, cis-rose oxide had the highest values among the common odorants in the three products, indicating its importance to the aroma of both lychee fruit and Gewürztraminer wines. Other compounds that had significant OAVs included β-damascenone, linalool, furaneol, ethyl hexanoate, and geraniol. This indicated that while differences exist in the aroma profile of lychee and Gewürztraminer, the common odorants detected in both fruit and wine, particularly cis-rose oxide, were responsible for the lychee aroma in Gewürztraminer wine. When headspace SPME was used as a rapid analytical tool to detect the levels of selected aroma compounds deemed important to lychee aroma in Gewürztraminer-type wines, cis-rose oxide, linalool, and geraniol were found to be at relatively higher levels in Gewürztraminers. No cis-rose oxide was detected in the control wines (Chardonnay and Riesling), while lower levels were detected in the Gewürztraminer-hybrid wine Traminette. Gewürztraminers produced in the Alsace region showed differences in the levels of the 3 monoterpenes when compared to those from New York State, which could be attributed to differences in viticultural and enological practices between regions. Keywords: Aroma; GC/O; Gewürztraminer; SPME; lychee; volatile