Oxidation Mechanisms of the UV/Free Chlorine Process: Kinetic Modeling and Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships

• Published in: Environmental science & technology Vol. 53; no. 8; pp. 4335 - 4345
• Main Authors: Zhou, Shiqing, Zhang, Weiqiu, Sun, Julong, Zhu, Shumin, Li, Ke, Meng, Xiaoyang, Luo, Jinming, Shi, Zhou, Zhou, Dandan, Crittenden, John C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Chemical Society 16.04.2019
• Subjects: Benzoic acid; Chlorine; Chlorine compounds; Contaminants; Destruction; Energy consumption; First principles; Kinetics; Light intensity; Luminous intensity; Mathematical models; Organic contaminants; Oxidation; Radicals; Rate constants; Reaction kinetics; Ultraviolet radiation
• ISSN: 0013-936X; 1520-5851
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06896

Recently, the UV/free chlorine process has gained attention as a promising technology for destroying refractory organic contaminants in the aqueous phase. We have developed a kinetic model based on first-principles to describe the kinetics and mechanisms of the oxidation of organic contaminants in the UV/free chlorine process. Substituted benzoic acid compounds (SBACs) were chosen as the target parent contaminants. We determined the second-order rate constants between SBACs and reactive chlorine species (RCS; including Cl · , Cl 2 − · and ClO · ) by fitting our model to the experimental results. We then predicted the concentration profiles of SBACs under various operational conditions. We analyzed the kinetic data and predicted concentration profiles of reactive radicals ( HO · and RCS), we found that ClO · was the dominant radicals for SBACs destruction. In addition, we established quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) that can help predict the second-order rate constants for SBACs destruction by each type of reactive radicals using SBACs Hammett constants. Our first-principles-based kinetic model has been verified using experimental data. Our model can facilitate a design for the most cost-effective application of the UV/free chlorine process. For example, our model can determine the optimum chlorine dosage and UV light intensity that result in the lowest energy consumption.