The ORF45 Protein of Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Is an Inhibitor of p53 Signaling during Viral Reactivation

• Published in: Journal of virology Vol. 95; no. 23; p. e0145921
• Main Authors: Alzhanova, Dina, Meyo, James O, Juarez, Angelica, Dittmer, Dirk P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Society for Microbiology 09.11.2021
• Subjects: Castleman Disease; DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; Genome and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression; Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression; Herpesvirus 8, Human - genetics; Herpesvirus 8, Human - physiology; Humans; Immediate-Early Proteins - genetics; Immediate-Early Proteins - metabolism; Lymphoma, Primary Effusion - virology; Open Reading Frames; Sarcoma, Kaposi - virology; Signal Transduction; Spotlight; Spotlight Selection; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - genetics; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - metabolism; Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7 - genetics; Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7 - metabolism; Viral Proteins - metabolism; Virology; USP7; KSHV; ubiquitination; PEL; primary effusion lymphoma; ORF45; lytic; HAUSP; TP53; p53
• ISSN: 0022-538X; 1098-5514
• DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01459-21

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a carcinogenic double-stranded DNA virus and the etiological agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). To prevent premature apoptosis and support its replication cycle, KSHV expresses a series of open reading frames (ORFs) that regulate signaling by the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Here, we describe a novel viral inhibitor of p53 encoded by KSHV ORF45 and identify its mechanism of action. ORF45 binds to p53 and prevents its interactions with USP7, a p53 deubiquitinase. This results in decreased p53 accumulation, localization of p53 to the cytoplasm, and diminished transcriptional activity. Unlike in other cancers, the tumor suppressor protein p53 is rarely mutated in Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Rather, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) inactivates p53 through multiple viral proteins. One possible therapeutic approach to KS is the activation of p53, which would result in apoptosis and tumor regression. In this regard, it is important to understand all the mechanisms used by KSHV to modulate p53 signaling. This work describes a novel inhibitor of p53 signaling and a potential drug target, ORF45, and identifies the mechanisms of its action.