Sentinel Cards Provide Practical SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring in School Settings

• Published in: mSystems Vol. 7; no. 4; p. e0010922
• Main Authors: Cantú, Victor J, Sanders, Karenina, Belda-Ferre, Pedro, Salido, Rodolfo A, Tsai, Rebecca, Austin, Brett, Jordan, William, Asudani, Menka, Walster, Amanda, Magallanes, Celestine G, Valentine, Holly, Manjoonian, Araz, Wijaya, Carrissa, Omaleki, Vinton, Aigner, Stefan, Baer, Nathan A, Betty, Maryann, Castro-Martínez, Anelizze, Cheung, Willi, De Hoff, Peter, Eisner, Emily, Hakim, Abbas, Lastrella, Alma L, Lawrence, Elijah S, Ngo, Toan T, Ostrander, Tyler, Plascencia, Ashley, Sathe, Shashank, Smoot, Elizabeth W, Carlin, Aaron F, Yeo, Gene W, Laurent, Louise C, Manlutac, Anna Liza, Fielding-Miller, Rebecca, Knight, Rob
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Society for Microbiology 30.08.2022
• Subjects: COVID; COVID-19; Endoribonucleases; Environmental Microbiology; environmental sampling; Humans; Observation; public health; qPCR; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Ribonucleases; RNA, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; viral persistence; COVID; viral persistence; SARS-CoV-2; qPCR; environmental sampling; public health
• ISSN: 2379-5077; 2379-5077
• DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00109-22

A promising approach to help students safely return to in person learning is through the application of sentinel cards for accurate high resolution environmental monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 traces indoors. Because SARS-CoV-2 RNA can persist for up to a week on several indoor surface materials, there is a need for increased temporal resolution to determine whether consecutive surface positives arise from new infection events or continue to report past events. Cleaning sentinel cards after sampling would provide the needed resolution but might interfere with assay performance. We tested the effect of three cleaning solutions (BZK wipes, Wet Wipes, RNase Away) at three different viral loads: "high" (4 × 10 GE/mL), "medium" (1 × 10 GE/mL), and "low" (2.5 × 10 GE/mL). RNase Away, chosen as a positive control, was the most effective cleaning solution on all three viral loads. Wet Wipes were found to be more effective than BZK wipes in the medium viral load condition. The low viral load condition was easily reset with all three cleaning solutions. These findings will enable temporal SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in indoor environments where transmission risk of the virus is high and the need to avoid individual-level sampling for privacy or compliance reasons exists. Because SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, persists on surfaces, testing swabs taken from surfaces is useful as a monitoring tool. This approach is especially valuable in school settings, where there are cost and privacy concerns that are eliminated by taking a single sample from a classroom. However, the virus persists for days to weeks on surface samples, so it is impossible to tell whether positive detection events on consecutive days are a persistent signal or new infectious cases and therefore whether the positive individuals have been successfully removed from the classroom. We compare several methods for cleaning "sentinel cards" to show that this approach can be used to identify new SARS-CoV-2 signals day to day. The results are important for determining how to monitor classrooms and other indoor environments for SARS-CoV-2 virus.