Pleomorphism in Biological Units of Life: Morphological Heterogeneity in Cells Does Not Translate Uniformly to Subcellular Components

• Published in: ACS omega Vol. 9; no. 22; pp. 23377 - 23389
• Main Authors: Singh, Pragya, Mittal, Aditya
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Chemical Society 04.06.2024
• ISSN: 2470-1343; 2470-1343
• DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10062

The interplay of the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of various subcellular components and their interactions are expected to control overall cellular morphology in biology. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the pleomorphy observed at the whole-cell level is being reflected by the components constituting the cells by focusing on the 3D distribution of pixel intensities at the single-cell level of the whole (cell) and its parts (the seven subcellular components of the cellsself-assemblies of smaller units). We rigorously acquired and analyzed the image data of RAW264.7 cells at the single-cell level. We report asymmetries in the spatial distribution of pixel intensities at the whole-cell and subcellular component levels along with the occurrence of alterations when pleomorphism is reduced by synchronization of the cell cycle. From our repertoire of seven subcellular components, we report ER, mitochondria, and tubulin to be independent of whole-cell apico-basal heterogeneity of optical density while nuclear, plasma membrane, lysosomal, and actin fluorescence distributions are found to contribute to the apico-basal polarity of the whole cell. While doing so, we have also developed an image analysis algorithm utilizing 2D segmentation to analyze the single cells in 3D using confocal microscopy, a technique that allows us to analyze cellular states in their native hydrated state.