Discordance Between Oncology Clinician-Perceived and Radiologist-Intended Meaning of the Postradiotherapy Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Freeform Report for Head and Neck Cancer

• Published in: JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery Vol. 148; no. 10; p. 927
• Main Authors: Patel, Zachary, Schroeder, Jennifer A, Bunch, Paul M, Evans, Joni K, Steber, Cole R, Johnson, Adam G, Farris, Joshua C, Hughes, Ryan T
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.10.2022
• Subjects: Cohort Studies; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Head and Neck Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Head and Neck Neoplasms - radiotherapy; Humans; Middle Aged; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography - methods; Positron-Emission Tomography - methods; Radiologists; Radiopharmaceuticals; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
• ISSN: 2168-619X
• DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.2290

Assessment of response after radiotherapy (RT) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) is routine in managing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Freeform reporting may contribute to a clinician's misunderstanding of the nuclear medicine (NM) physician's image interpretation, with important clinical implications. To assess clinician-perceived freeform report meaning and discordance with NM interpretation using the modified Deauville score (MDS). In this retrospective cohort study that was conducted at an academic referral center and National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center and included patients with HNSCC treated with RT between January 2014 and December 2019 with a posttreatment PET/CT and 1 year or longer of follow-up, 4 masked clinicians independently reviewed freeform PET/CT reports and assigned perceived MDS responses. Interrater reliability was determined. Clinician consensus-perceived MDS was then compared with the criterion standard NM MDS response derived from image review. Data analysis was conducted between December 2021 and February 2022. Patients were treated with RT in either the definitive or adjuvant setting, with or without concurrent chemotherapy. They then underwent posttreatment PET/CT response assessment. Clinician-perceived (based on the freeform PET/CT report) and NM-defined response categories were assigned according to MDS. Clinical outcomes included locoregional control, progression-free survival, and overall survival. A total of 171 patients were included (45 women [26.3%]; median [IQR] age, 61 [54-65] years), with 149 (87%) with stage III to IV disease. Of these patients, 52 (30%) received postoperative RT and 153 (89%) received concurrent chemotherapy. Interrater reliability was moderate (κ = 0.68) among oncology clinicians and minimal (κ = 0.36) between clinician consensus and NM. Exact agreement between clinician consensus and the NM was 64%. The NM-rated MDS was significantly associated with locoregional control, progression-free survival, and overall survival. The results of this cohort study suggest that considerable variation in perceived meaning exists among oncology clinicians reading freeform HNSCC post-RT PET/CT reports, with only minimal agreement between MDS derived from clinician perception and NM image interpretation. The NM use of a standardized reporting system, such as MDS, may improve clinician-NM communication and increase the value of HNSCC post-RT PET/CT reports.