Comparison of snowfall estimates from the NASA CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar and NOAA/NSSL Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor System

• Published in: Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam) Vol. 541; pp. 862 - 872
• Main Authors: Chen, Sheng, Hong, Yang, Kulie, Mark, Behrangi, Ali, Stepanian, Phillip M., Cao, Qing, You, Yalei, Zhang, Jian, Hu, Junjun, Zhang, Xinhua
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.10.2016
• Subjects: CloudSat; NEXRAD; Radar; Snowfall; CloudSat; NEXRAD; Snowfall; Radar
• ISSN: 0022-1694; 1879-2707
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.07.047

•Height of 99.41% of CloudSat surface snowfall events are >1km above the surface, whereas 76.41% of corresponding NOAA/NSSL ground radar (Q3) observations are low below 1km to the near ground surface.•69.40% of snowfall events detected by 69.40 were classified as certain snow by CPR.•CloudSat shows less certain snow precipitation than Q3 by 26.13% with a low CC (0.41) with Q3 and a high RMSE (0.6mm/h).•CloudSat underestimates (overestimates) certain snowfall than Q3 when the bin height of detected snowfall events below (above) 3km. The latest global snowfall product derived from the CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar (2C-SNOW-PROFILE) is compared with NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory’s Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS/Q3) system precipitation products from 2009 through 2010. The results show that: (1) Compared to Q3, CloudSat tends to observe more extremely light snowfall events (<0.2mm/h) and snowfall rate (SR) between 0.6 to 1mm/h, and detects less snowfall events with SR between 0.2–0.5mm/h. (2) CloudSat identifies 69.40% of snowfall events detected by Q3 as certain snow and 10% as certain mixed. When possible snow, possible mixed, and certain mixed precipitation categories are assumed to be snowfall events, CloudSat has a high snowfall POD (86.10%). (3) CloudSat shows less certain snow precipitation than Q3 by 26.13% with a low correlation coefficient (0.41) with Q3 and a high RMSE (0.6mm/h). (4) With Q3 as reference, CloudSat underestimates (overestimates) certain snowfall when the bin height of detected snowfall events are below (above) 3km, and generally overestimates light snowfall (<1mm/h) by 7.53%, and underestimates moderate snowfall (1–2.5mm/h) by 42.33% and heavy snowfall (⩾2.5mm/h) by 68.73%. (5) The bin heights of most (99.41%) CloudSat surface snowfall events are >1km high above the surface, whereas 76.41% of corresponding Q3 observations are low below 1km to the near ground surface. This analysis will provide helpful reference for CloudSat snowfall estimation algorithm developers and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) snowfall product developers to understand and quantify the strengths and weaknesses of remote sensing techniques and precipitation estimation products.