Strokes After Cardiac Surgery and Relationship to Carotid Stenosis

• Published in: Archives of neurology (Chicago) Vol. 66; no. 9; pp. 1091 - 1096
• Main Authors: Li, Yuebing, Walicki, Debra, Mathiesen, Claranne, Jenny, Donna, Li, Qiang, Isayev, Yevgeniy, Reed, James F, Castaldo, John E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chicago, IL American Medical Association 01.09.2009
• Subjects: Aged; Biological and medical sciences; Brain; Brain - blood supply; Brain - physiopathology; Cardiac Surgical Procedures - adverse effects; Carotid Stenosis - epidemiology; Carotid Stenosis - physiopathology; Causality; Clinical Protocols - standards; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Endarterectomy, Carotid - adverse effects; Female; Heart surgery; Humans; Incidence; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Neurology; Pathology; Postoperative Complications - epidemiology; Postoperative Complications - physiopathology; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Stroke; Stroke - epidemiology; Stroke - physiopathology; Stroke - prevention & control; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system; Arterial disease; Vascular disease; Carotid stenosis; Stroke; Nervous system diseases; Surgery; Central nervous system disease; Cardiovascular disease; Cerebrovascular disease; Cerebral disorder
• ISSN: 0003-9942; 2168-6149; 1538-3687; 2168-6157
• DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2009.114

OBJECTIVE To critically examine the role of significant carotid stenosis in the pathogenesis of postoperative stroke following cardiac operations. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Single tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4335 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic valve replacement, or both. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence, subtype, and arterial distribution of stroke. RESULTS Clinically definite stroke was detected in 1.8% of patients undergoing cardiac operations during the same admission. Only 5.3% of these strokes were of the large-vessel type, and most strokes (76.3%) occurred without significant carotid stenosis. In 60.0% of cases, strokes identified via computed tomographic head scans were not confined to a single carotid artery territory. According to clinical data, in 94.7% of patients, stroke occurred without direct correlation to significant carotid stenosis. Undergoing combined carotid and cardiac operations increases the risk of postoperative stroke compared with patients with a similar degree of carotid stenosis but who underwent cardiac surgery alone (15.1% vs 0%; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS There is no direct causal relationship between significant carotid stenosis and postoperative stroke in patients undergoing cardiac operations. Combining carotid and cardiac procedures is neither necessary nor effective in reducing postoperative stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis.Arch Neurol. 2009;66(9):1091-1096-->