Cocaine self-administration in male and female rats perinatally exposed to PCBs: Evaluating drug use in an animal model of environmental contaminant exposure

• Published in: Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Vol. 25; no. 2; p. 114
• Main Authors: Miller, Mellessa M, Meyer, Abby E, Sprowles, Jenna L N, Sable, Helen J K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.04.2017
• Subjects: Animals; Cocaine - administration & dosage; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine - metabolism; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects; Environmental Pollutants - administration & dosage; Environmental Pollutants - adverse effects; Female; Male; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - administration & dosage; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - toxicity; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Reinforcement (Psychology); Self Administration; Sex Factors
• ISSN: 1936-2293
• DOI: 10.1037/pha0000113

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental toxicants known to adversely impact human health. PCBs affect the nervous system, including the brain dopaminergic system. The reinforcing effects of psychostimulants are typically modulated via the dopaminergic system, so this study used a preclinical (i.e., rodent) model to evaluate whether developmental contaminant exposure altered intravenous self-administration (IV SA) for the psychostimulant cocaine. Long-Evans rats were perinatally exposed to 6 or 3 mg/kg/day of PCBs throughout gestation and lactation and compared with nonexposed controls. Rats were trained to lever press for a food reinforcer in an operant chamber under a fixed-ratio 5 (FR5) schedule and later underwent jugular catheterization. Food reinforcers were switched for infusions of 250 μg of cocaine, but the response requirement to earn the reinforcer remained. Active lever presses and infusions were higher in males during response acquisition and maintenance. The same sex effect was observed during later sessions which evaluated responding for cocaine doses ranging from 31.25-500 μg. PCB-exposed males (not females) exhibited an increase in cocaine infusions (with a similar trend in active lever presses) during acquisition, but no PCB-related differences were observed during maintenance, examination of the cocaine dose-response relationship, or progressive ratio (PR) sessions. Overall, these results indicated perinatal PCB exposure enhanced early cocaine drug-seeking in this preclinical model of developmental contaminant exposure (particularly the males), but no differences were seen during later cocaine SA sessions. As such, additional questions regarding substance abuse proclivity may be warranted in epidemiological studies evaluating environmental contaminant exposures. (PsycINFO Database Record