Theory of Nonequilibrium Free Energy Transduction by Molecular Machines

Biomolecular machines are protein complexes that convert between different forms of free energy. They are utilized in nature to accomplish many cellular tasks. As isothermal nonequilibrium stochastic objects at low Reynolds number, they face a distinct set of challenges compared with more familiar h...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inChemical reviews Vol. 120; no. 1; pp. 434 - 459
Main Authors Brown, Aidan I, Sivak, David A
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Chemical Society 08.01.2020
Subjects
Fluid flow
Free energy
Molecular machines
Questions
Reynolds number
Transducers
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Summary:Biomolecular machines are protein complexes that convert between different forms of free energy. They are utilized in nature to accomplish many cellular tasks. As isothermal nonequilibrium stochastic objects at low Reynolds number, they face a distinct set of challenges compared with more familiar human-engineered macroscopic machines. Here we review central questions in their performance as free energy transducers, outline theoretical and modeling approaches to understand these questions, identify both physical limits on their operational characteristics and design principles for improving performance, and discuss emerging areas of research.
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ISSN:0009-2665
1520-6890
DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00254