Calculation of nitrogen mineralization and leaching in fallow soil using a simple dynamic model

• Published in: European journal of soil science Vol. 50; no. 4; pp. 549 - 566
• Main Authors: Mary, B., Beaudoin, N., Justes, E., Machet, J. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Science Ltd 01.12.1999; Blackwell Science; Wiley
• Subjects: Agricultural sciences; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Biological and medical sciences; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General agronomy. Plant production; Geochemistry; Life Sciences; Nitrogen fertilization; Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizations; Soil and rock geochemistry; Soil and water pollution; Soil science; Soil study; Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments; Nitrogen fertilization; Bare soil; Cultivated soil; Lysimetry; Model study; Laboratory measurement; Nitrates; Inorganic element; Modeling; Field experiment; Loamy soil; Mineralization; Agronomy; Soil science; Simulation model; Dynamic model; Underground leaching; Pollutant behavior; Nitrogen; Vegetal waste; Calcareous soils; Biogeochemistry; Nitrogen cycle; Chemical transport; Applied mathematics; Environment; Numerical simulation; Water pollution; Computing method; Fallow
• ISSN: 1351-0754; 1365-2389
• DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00264.x

Summary Simple models describing nitrogen processes are required both to estimate nitrogen mineralization in field conditions and to predict nitrate leaching at large scales. We have evaluated such a model called LIXIM, which allows calculation of nitrogen mineralization and leaching from bare soils, assuming that these are the dominant processes affecting N in bare soil. LIXIM is a layered, functional model, with a 1‐day time step. Input data consist of frequent measurements of water and mineral N contents in soil cores, standard meteorological data and simple soil characteristics. The nitrate transport is simulated using the ‘mixing‐cells’ approach. The variations in N mineralization with temperature and moisture are accounted for, providing calculation of the ‘normalized time’. An optimization routine is used to estimate the actual evaporation and the N mineralization rates that provide the best fit between observed and simulated values of water and nitrate contents in all measured soil layers. The model was evaluated in two field experiments (on loamy and chalky soils) including treatments, lasting 9–20 months. The water and nitrate contents in soil were satisfactorily simulated in both sites, and all treatments, including a 15N tracer experiment performed in the loamy soil. In the chalky soil, the calculated water balance agreed well with drainage results obtained in lysimeters and independent estimates of evaporation. At both sites, N mineralization was reduced by the incorporation of crop residues (wheat or oilseed rape straw); the amounts of nitrogen immobilized varied between 20 and 35 kg N ha−1. In the treatments without crop residues, the mineralization rate followed first‐order kinetics (against normalized time) in the loamy soil, and zero‐order kinetics in the chalky soil. In the latter soil, the mineralization kinetics calculated in situ were close to the kinetics measured in laboratory conditions when both were expressed against normalized time.