Antimutagenicity of Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Terminalia catappa Leaves and Cytotoxicity of the Extracts to Human Hepatoma Cells

• Published in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol. 51; no. 12; pp. 3564 - 3567
• Main Authors: Ko, Ting-Fu, Weng, Yih-Ming, Lin, Shwu-Bin, Chiou, Robin Y.-Y
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 04.06.2003
• Subjects: acid phosphatase; Acid Phosphatase - metabolism; Ames test; antimutagenic activity; Antimutagenic Agents - toxicity; Biological and medical sciences; Carbon Dioxide; Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens; Cell Survival - drug effects; Chemical agents; cytotoxicity; growth retardation; hepatocytes; hepatoma; Humans; leaves; liver; Medical sciences; mutagenicity; Mutagenicity Tests; phytochemicals; Plant Extracts - toxicity; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Pressure; Temperature; Terminalia - chemistry; Terminalia catappa; Tumor Cells, Cultured - drug effects; Tumors; Antineoplastic agent; Carbon dioxide; Cytotoxicity; Biological activity; Terminalia catappa; human hepatoma; supercritical fluid extraction (SFE); Ames test; Combretaceae; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Chang liver cells; Spermatophyta; Hardwood forest tree; Supercritical fluid extraction; Antimutagenicity
• ISSN: 0021-8561; 1520-5118
• DOI: 10.1021/jf034102v

Natural antimutagens may prevent cancer and are therefore of great interest to oncologists and the public at large. Phytochemicals are potent antimutagen candidates. When the Ames test was applied to examine the antimutagenic potency of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extracts of Terminalia catappa leaves at a dose of 0.5 mg/plate, toxicity and mutagenicity were not detected. The antimutagenic activity of SC-CO2 extracts increased with decreases of temperature (60, 50, and 40 °C) and pressure (4000, 3000, and 2000 psi) used for extraction. The most potent antimutagenicity was observed in extracts obtained at 40 °C and 2000 psi. At a dose of 0.5 mg of extract/plate, approximately 80% of the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P, with S-9) and 46% of the mutagenicity of N-methyl-N ‘-nitroguanidine (MNNG, without S-9) were inhibited. Media supplemented with SC-CO2 extracts at a range of 0−500 μg/mL were used to cultivate human hepatoma (Huh 7) and normal liver (Chang liver) cells. The viability of the cells was assayed by measuring cellular acid phosphatase activity. A dose-dependent growth inhibition of both types of cells was observed. The SC-CO2 extracts were more cytotoxic to Huh 7 cells than to Chang liver cells. The observation that SC-CO2 extracts of T. catappa leaves did not induce mutagenicity at the doses tested while exhibiting potent antimutagenicity and were more cytotoxic to human hepatoma cells than to normal liver cells is of merit and warrants further investigation. Keywords: Antimutagenicity; Terminalia catappa; supercritical fluid extraction (SFE); Ames test; cytotoxicity; human hepatoma; Chang liver cells