Local Application of Vancomycin in One-Stage Revision of Prosthetic Joint Infection Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

• Published in: Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy Vol. 65; no. 9; p. e0030321
• Main Authors: Wei, Jian, Wen, Yinxian, Tong, Kai, Wang, Hui, Chen, Liaobin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Society for Microbiology 17.08.2021
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Experimental Therapeutics; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis-Related Infections - drug therapy; Rats; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy; Vancomycin - therapeutic use; one-stage revision; periprosthetic joint infection; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin; intraarticular injection
• ISSN: 0066-4804; 1098-6596
• DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00303-21

The rate of eradication of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is still not satisfactory with systemic vancomycin administration after one-stage revision arthroplasty. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness and safety of intraarticular (IA) injection of vancomycin in the control of MRSA PJI after one-stage revision surgery in a rat model. Two weeks of intraperitoneal (IP) and/or IA injection of vancomycin was used to control the infection after one-stage revision surgery. The MRSA PJI rats treated with IA injection of vancomycin showed better outcomes in skin temperature, bacterial counts, biofilm on the prosthesis, serum α -acid glycoprotein levels, residual bone volume, and inflammatory reaction in the joint tissue, compared with those treated with IP vancomycin, while the rats treated with IP and IA administration showed the best outcomes. However, only the IP and IA administration of vancomycin could eradicate MRSA. Minimal changes in renal pathology were observed in the IP and IP plus IA groups but not in the IA group, while no obvious changes were observed in the liver or in levels of serum markers, including creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Therefore, IA use of vancomycin is effective and safe in the MRSA PJI rat model and is better than systemic administration, while IA and systemic vancomycin treatment could eradicate the infection with a 2-week treatment course.