Effect of Growth Promotants on the Occurrence of Endogenous and Synthetic Steroid Hormones on Feedlot Soils and in Runoff from Beef Cattle Feeding Operations

• Published in: Environmental science & technology Vol. 46; no. 3; pp. 1352 - 1360
• Main Authors: Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L, Snow, Daniel D, Kranz, William L, Mader, Terry L, Shapiro, Charles A, Donk, Simon J. van, Shelton, David P, Tarkalson, David D, Zhang, Tian C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 07.02.2012
• Subjects: Agriculture - methods; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Androgens; Animals; Applied sciences; Beef cattle; Biological and medical sciences; Cattle; Chromatography, Liquid; Dietary Supplements - analysis; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Environmental Monitoring - statistics & numerical data; Estrogens; Exact sciences and technology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gonadal Steroid Hormones - agonists; Gonadal Steroid Hormones - analysis; Growth Substances - analysis; Hormones; Manure - analysis; Manures; Mass spectrometry; Melengestrol Acetate - analysis; Metabolites; Natural water pollution; Pollution; Pollution sources. Measurement results; Pollution, environment geology; Public health; Rainwaters, run off water and others; Runoff; Soil and sediments pollution; Soil and water pollution; Soil Pollutants - analysis; Soil science; Steroids; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Trenbolone Acetate - analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water treatment and pollution; Zeranol - analysis; Bovine; Steroid hormone; Metabolite; Intensive rearing; Runoff water; Farmyard manure; Soil pollution; Trenbolone; Concentration measurement; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Agriculture; Water pollution; Artiodactyla; Agricultural waste; Anabolic agent; Animal waste; Degradation product; Ungulata; Xenobiotic; Organic compounds; Food supplement
• ISSN: 0013-936X; 1520-5851
• DOI: 10.1021/es202680q

Supplements and growth promotants containing steroid hormones are routinely administered to beef cattle to improve feeding efficiency, reduce behavioral problems, and enhance production. As a result, beef cattle manure will contain both synthetic steroids as well as a range of endogenous steroids including androgens, estrogens, and progestogens. A two-year controlled study was conducted in which beef cattle were administered steroid hormones via subcutaneous implants and feed additives and the occurrence of 16 endogenous and synthetic steroid hormones and metabolites was evaluated in runoff from beef cattle feedlots and in manure and soil collected from feedlot surfaces. Samples were extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for metabolites of the synthetic androgen trenbolone acetate, 17α-trenbolone, 17β-trenbolone, for the nonsteroidal semisynthetic estrogen agonist, α-zearalanol, and the synthetic progesterone melengesterol acetate, as well as a wide range of endogeneous estrogens, androgens, and fusarium metabolites. Synthetic steroids including trenbolone metabolites and melengestrol acetate were detected in fresh manure and in feedlot surface soils from cattle administered synthetic steroids at concentrations up to 55 ± 22 ng/g dry weight (dw) (17α-trenbolone) and 6.5 ± 0.4 ng/g dw (melengesterol acetate). Melengesterol acetate was detected in 6% of runoff samples from feedlots holding cattle administered synthetic steroids at concentrations ranging up to 115 ng/L. The presence of melengesterol acetate in runoff from beef cattle feeding operations has not been previously reported. Synthetic steroids were not detected in manure or runoff from control cattle. A wide range of endogenous hormones were detected in runoff and feedlot surface soils and manure from cattle given synthetic steroids and from control cattle, with no statistically significant differences in concentration. These results indicate that runoff from confined animal production facilities is of environmental and public health concern regardless of the use of growth promotants.