Proteomic Analysis of Human Nail Plate

Shotgun proteomic analysis of the human nail plate identified 144 proteins in samples from Causcasian volunteers. The 30 identified proteins solubilized by detergent and reducing agent, 90% of the total nail plate mass, were primarily keratins and keratin associated proteins. Keratins comprised a ma...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of proteome research Vol. 9; no. 12; pp. 6752 - 6758
Main Authors Rice, Robert H., Xia, Yajuan, Alvarado, Rudy J., Phinney, Brett S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Chemical Society 03.12.2010
Subjects
Amino Acid Sequence
China
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Detergents - chemistry
European Continental Ancestry Group
Female
Gene Expression
Hair - metabolism
Humans
Keratins - analysis
Keratins - chemistry
Keratins - genetics
Male
Molecular Sequence Data
Nails - metabolism
Proteins - analysis
Proteins - chemistry
Proteins - genetics
Proteomics - methods
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Solubility
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
China
Keratins
LRRC15
Transglutaminase
Junctional proteins
VSIG8
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Summary:Shotgun proteomic analysis of the human nail plate identified 144 proteins in samples from Causcasian volunteers. The 30 identified proteins solubilized by detergent and reducing agent, 90% of the total nail plate mass, were primarily keratins and keratin associated proteins. Keratins comprised a majority of the detergent-insoluble fraction as well, but numerous cytoplasmic, membrane, and junctional proteins and histones were also identified, indicating broad use by transglutaminases of available proteins as substrates for cross-linking. Two novel membrane proteins were identified, also found in the hair shaft, for which mRNAs were detected only at very low levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction in other tissues. Parallel analyses of nail samples from volunteers from Inner Mongolia, China gave essentially the same protein profiles. Comparison of the profiles of nail plate and hair shaft from the latter volunteers revealed extensive overlap of protein constituents. Analyses of samples from an arsenic-exposed population revealed few proteins whose levels were altered substantially but raised the possibility of detecting sensitive individuals in this way.
ISSN:1535-3893
1535-3907
DOI:10.1021/pr1009349