Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction around Marine Structures

• Published in: Journal of waterway, port, coastal, and ocean engineering Vol. 133; no. 1; pp. 55 - 82
• Main Authors: Sumer, B. Mutlu, Ansal, Atilla, Cetin, K. Onder, Damgaard, Jesper, Gunbak, A. Riza, Hansen, Niels-Erik Ottesen, Sawicki, Andrzej, Synolakis, Costas E, Yalciner, Ahmet Cevdet, Yuksel, Yalcin, Zen, Kouki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: American Society of Civil Engineers 01.01.2007
• Subjects: TECHNICAL PAPERS; Turkey, Kocaeli; MED, Turkey; Japan; INW, Japan
• ISSN: 0733-950X; 1943-5460
• DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2007)133:1(55)

This paper gives a state-of-the-art review of seismic-induced liquefaction with special reference to marine structures. The paper is organized in seven sections: (1) introduction; (2) seismic-induced liquefaction in which a general account of soil liquefaction is presented; (3) existing codes/guidelines regarding seismic-induced liquefaction and its implications for marine structures; (4) review of the Japanese experience, giving a brief history of earthquakes and design codes, describing the current design code/standard for port and harbor facilities including counter measures and remediation; (5) review of the liquefaction damage inflicted on marine structures in the 1999 Turkey Kocaeli Earthquake, including recommendations which draw on the lessons learned; (6) assessment of postliquefaction ground deformation (more specifically of lateral ground spreading); and (7) tsunamis and their impact. The present paper and the existing guidelines (CEN, ASCE, and PIANC) form a complementary source of information on earthquake-induced liquefaction with special reference to its impact on marine structures.