Deposition of trace metals on solid electrodes: experimental verification of limits of electrochemical preconcentration

• Published in: Analytical chemistry (Washington) Vol. 61; no. 8; pp. 856 - 860
• Main Authors: Ciszewski, Aleksander, Fish, Judith R, Malinski, Tadeusz, Sioda, Roman E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 15.04.1989
• Subjects: 400102 - Chemical & Spectral Procedures; 400105 - Separation Procedures; 400400 - Electrochemistry; AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; CALCULATION METHODS; CARBON; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS; CHEMISTRY; COPPER; DATA; DEPOSITION; DISPERSIONS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTRODEPOSITION; ELECTRODES; ELECTROLYSIS; ELEMENTS; EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; EQUATIONS; EQUILIBRIUM; Exact sciences and technology; EXPERIMENTAL DATA; General and physical chemistry; INFORMATION; INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; KINETICS; Kinetics and mechanism of reactions; LEAD; LYSIS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; METALS; MIXTURES; NONMETALS; NUMERICAL DATA; PLASMA; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; PULSE TECHNIQUES; QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; QUANTITY RATIO; REACTION KINETICS; SOLIDS; SOLUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE COATING; TIME DEPENDENCE; TRACE AMOUNTS; TRANSITION ELEMENTS; VOLTAMETRY; Electrodes; Adsorption; Lead «II» Ions; Aqueous solution; Electroplating; Experimental study; Electrochemical reaction; Carbon; Copper II Ions; Saline solution; Glassy state
• ISSN: 0003-2700; 1520-6882
• DOI: 10.1021/ac00183a015

Experimental data obtained by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry and electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy determinations of amounts of copper and lead deposited on glassy carbon electrodes essentially validate a recently published model for the process of preconcentration of metal ions by electrodeposition. Data elucidating the related phenomena of amount deposited, equilibrium concentration of unrecovered ions, and percent recovery have been determined and are discussed. For solution concentrations that allow multilayer electrode coverage (usually greater than 10{sup {minus}7} M), and monolayer or less electrode coverage, data show initial-concentration-dependent limits to electrochemical preconcentration, which decrease percent recovery. Electrodeposition parameters that minimize equilibrium concentration levels are discussed. The analytical importance of the verified model is that, for a set of experimental conditions, it allows calculation of predicted recoveries from data collected at macroconcentration levels to concentration levels 3 magnitudes lower.