Expertise and category-based induction

The authors examined inductive reasoning among experts in a domain. Three types of tree experts (landscapers, taxonomists, and parks maintenance personnel) completed 3 reasoning tasks. In Experiment 1, participants inferred which of 2 novel diseases would affect "more other kinds of trees"...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition Vol. 26; no. 4; p. 811
Main Authors Proffitt, J B, Coley, J D, Medin, D L
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.07.2000
Subjects
Adult
Aged
Decision Making
Expert Testimony
Female
Humans
Judgment
Male
Middle Aged
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Summary:The authors examined inductive reasoning among experts in a domain. Three types of tree experts (landscapers, taxonomists, and parks maintenance personnel) completed 3 reasoning tasks. In Experiment 1, participants inferred which of 2 novel diseases would affect "more other kinds of trees" and provided justifications for their choices. In Experiment 2, the authors used modified instructions and asked which disease would be more likely to affect "all trees." In Experiment 3, the conclusion category was eliminated altogether, and participants were asked to generate a list of other affected trees. Among these populations, typicality and diversity effects were weak to nonexistent. Instead, experts' reasoning was influenced by "local" coverage (extension of the property to members of the same folk family) and causal-ecological factors. The authors concluded that domain knowledge leads to the use of a variety of reasoning strategies not captured by current models of category-based induction.
ISSN:0278-7393
DOI:10.1037/0278-7393.26.4.811