Impaired Cognitive Flexibility and Motor Inhibition in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

• Published in: The American journal of psychiatry Vol. 164; no. 2; pp. 335 - 338
• Main Authors: Chamberlain, Samuel R., Fineberg, Naomi A., Menzies, Lara A., Blackwell, Andrew D., Bullmore, Edward T., Robbins, Trevor W., Sahakian, Barbara J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Psychiatric Association 01.02.2007
• Subjects: Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Anxiety disorders. Neuroses; Biological and medical sciences; Cognition Disorders - diagnosis; Cognition Disorders - genetics; Compulsive Behavior - diagnosis; Compulsive Behavior - genetics; Decision Making; Family Health; Female; Genetic Markers; Genotype; History; Humans; Inhibition, Psychological; Male; Medical sciences; Motor Activity - physiology; Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data; Neuroses; Obsessive compulsive disorder; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - diagnosis; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - genetics; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - psychology; Obsessive-compulsive disorders; Patients; Pedigree; Personality disorders; Phenotype; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychomotor Performance; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Reaction Time - physiology; Studies; Intellectual flexibility; Human; Obsessive compulsive disorder; Cognitive disorder; Family study; Anxiety disorder; Inhibition
• ISSN: 0002-953X; 1535-7228
• DOI: 10.1176/ajp.2007.164.2.335

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is highly heritable. Attempts to delineate precise genetic contributions have met with limited success. There is an ongoing search for intermediate cognitive brain markers (endophenotypes) that may help clarify genetic contributions. The aim was to assess inhibitory control processes in unaffected first-degree relatives of OCD patients for the first time with objective tests. Method: The Intradimensional Extradimensional Shift, Stop-Signal, and Cambridge Gamble tasks were administered to 20 unaffected first-degree relatives, 20 OCD patient probands with washing checking symptoms, and 20 healthy matched comparison subjects without a family history of OCD. Results: Unaffected first-degree relatives and OCD patient probands showed cognitive inflexibility (extradimensional set shifting) and motor impulsivity (stop-signal reaction times). Decision making (Cambridge Gamble task) was intact. Conclusions: Deficits in cognitive flexibility and motor inhibition may represent cognitive endophenotypes for OCD. Such measures will play a key role in understanding genotype phenotype associations for OCD and related spectrum conditions.