Suspended sediment dynamics associated with snowmelt runoff in a small mountain stream of Lake Tahoe (Nevada)

• Published in: Hydrological processes Vol. 19; no. 18; pp. 3569 - 3580
• Main Authors: Langlois, Jacques L., Johnson, Dale W., Mehuys, Guy R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 30.11.2005; Wiley
• Subjects: Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; Freshwater; Hydrology; Hydrology. Hydrogeology; hysteresis; Lake Tahoe; Marine and continental quaternary; snowmelt; SSC/discharge lag analysis; Surficial geology; suspended sediment; turbidity meter; United States; Lake Tahoe; Nevada; USA, Tahoe L. basin; USA, Nevada; USA, California, Tahoe L; stream transport; tributaries; turbidity; SSC/discharge lag analysis; cross-correlation; river discharge; streams; runoff; concentration; suspended sediment; North America; hysteresis; meltwater; suspended materials; sediment transport; Lake Tahoe; discharge; turbidity meter; snowmelt; hydrographs
• ISSN: 0885-6087; 1099-1085
• DOI: 10.1002/hyp.5844

The Lake Tahoe basin is experiencing an environmental decline that is partly due to sediment intakes from its tributaries. Many studies have estimated suspended sediment loads in these streams with a discrete sampling programme by collecting water samples and using a rating technique. However, the relationship between stream discharge and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in these tributaries is known to differ during the rising and falling limbs of the snowmelt‐dominated hydrograph. Because of this hysteresis effect, sediment rating curves are poor predictors of suspended sediment dynamics in the stream. In this study, suspended sediment transport was investigated using a turbidity meter to provide a continuous record of sediment concentration during the snowmelt period. Hysteresis in suspended sediment transport was also investigated and is quantified with an H index, which is the ratio of the areas under the curve at different stages of the hydrograph. The temporal lag between the peak of SSC and the peak of stream discharge was quantified using cross‐correlation analysis. For almost all events, SSCs were higher during the rising limb of the hydrograph for a given discharge, with SSC peaks occurring before discharge peaks, resulting in clockwise hysteresis (H > 1). The H indices increased (looser hysteresis loop) as the availability of sediments increased and as the lag between peaks in SSC and discharge was larger. A restriction of the proposed H index was that it could only be computed when stream discharge increased by more than 30% during a melt event. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.