An evaluation of the Rouse theory for sand transport in the Oka estuary, Spain

• Published in: Continental shelf research Vol. 78; pp. 39 - 50
• Main Authors: Al-Ragum, A., Monge-Ganuzas, M., Amos, C.L., Cearreta, A., Townend, I., Manca, E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 15.04.2014
• Subjects: Deltas; Estuaries; Floods; Fluid dynamics; Oka estuary; Rouse; Sand; Sand transport; Stations; Tidal inlet; Transport; Turbulent flow; Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve; Spain; Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve; Oka estuary; Sand transport; Rouse; Tidal inlet
• ISSN: 0278-4343; 1873-6955
• DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2014.01.018

The Rouse profile has been traditionally used to represent the vertical distribution of suspended sand in a marine benthic boundary layer. Yet it is one of the biggest unknowns in estuarine morphodynamics, largely due to uncertainties of the ratio of the sediment fall velocity to bed friction on which the Rouse exponent (R=ws/βku⁎) is based. A field campaign was carried out at three different locations in the Oka estuary, northern Spain, in order to examine these uncertainties. Each location differed in grain size and flow condition thus offering a wide range of settings. The first survey was inside the estuary (wave sheltered, flood tide dominated and relatively broad estuary section), the second was at the distal ebb delta (ebb tide dominated and narrow estuary section), and the third was over the wave exposed proximal ebb delta (wave/flood tidal current combined flows and open sea). The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the Rouse (1937) theory for the distribution of sand in suspension throughout a turbulent benthic boundary layer. A modified version of a Helley–Smith sampler was used to trap sand and measure the vertical distribution of sand in the water column. As well, a 1200 ADCP was used to measure flow velocity and backscatter together with an ADV (turbulence). The sand traps were found to have a sampling efficiency of 44%. The grain size at all stations was finer near the surface and coarser near the bed. The sand transport inside the estuary (Station 1) is inwards dominant. By contrast, the sand concentration during the ebb tide was ten times higher than during the flood tide at Station 2 and even higher at Station 3, which suggests that the sand transport over the ebb delta is seawards. The average Rouse parameters for Stations 1, 2, and 3 are 0.48±0.035, 0.78±0.23, and 0.46±0.06 respectively, which correspond to a coefficient of proportionality of the movability number, (χ) of 4 (Van Rijn, 1993). These differ from previous findings of Villatoro et al. (2010) and Amos et al. (2010b). •The Rouse theory has been evaluated for sand transport in the Oka estuary.•The Rouse parameters in this study confirm that sand transport in suspension is taking place throughout the boundary layer.•The suspension threshold of Bagnold (1966) appears to separate well bed load and suspended load in this study.