Influence of Hydration on Proton Transfer in the Guanine−Cytosine Radical Cation (G•+−C) Base Pair: A Density Functional Theory Study

• Published in: The journal of physical chemistry. B Vol. 113; no. 33; pp. 11359 - 11361
• Main Authors: Kumar, Anil, Sevilla, Michael D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Chemical Society 20.08.2009
• Subjects: Base Pairing; Cytosine - chemistry; Guanine - chemistry; Protons; Thermodynamics; Water - chemistry
• ISSN: 1520-6106; 1520-5207
• DOI: 10.1021/jp903403d

Upon one-electron oxidation, all molecules including DNA bases become more acidic in nature. For the GC base pair, experiments suggest that a facile proton transfer takes place in the G•+−C base pair from N1 of G•+ to N3 of cytosine. This intrabase pair proton-transfer reaction has been extensively considered using theoretical methods for the gas phase, and it is predicted that the proton transfer is slightly unfavorable, in disagreement with experiment. In the present study, we consider the effect of the first hydration layer on the proton-transfer reaction in G•+−C by the use of density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/6-31+G** calculations of the G•+−C base pair in the presence of 6 and 11 water molecules. Under the influence of hydration of 11 waters, a facile proton transfer from N1 of G•+ to N3 of C is predicted. The zero-point energy (ZPE)-corrected forward and backward energy barriers, for the proton transfer from N1 of G•+ to N3 of C, was found to be 1.4 and 2.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The proton-transferred G•−(H+)C + 11H2O was found to be 1.2 kcal/mol more stable than G•+−C + 11H2O, in agreement with experiment. The present calculation demonstrates that the inclusion of the first hydration shell around the G•+−C base pair has an important effect on the internal proton-transfer energetics.