Potential anti-AIDS drugs. 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine analogs

• Published in: Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol. 30; no. 5; pp. 862 - 866
• Main Authors: Kim, Chong Ho, Marquez, Victor E, Broder, Samuel, Mitsuya, Hiroaki, Driscoll, John S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 01.05.1987
• Subjects: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - drug therapy; Carbohydrates. Nucleosides and nucleotides; Cell Line; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Deoxycytidine - analogs & derivatives; Deoxycytidine - chemical synthesis; Deoxycytidine - pharmacology; Deoxycytidine - therapeutic use; Exact sciences and technology; HIV - drug effects; Nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides; Organic chemistry; Preparations and properties; Structure-Activity Relationship; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer - microbiology; Zalcitabine; Ureas; Deoxyribonucleoside; Pyrimidine nucleoside; Biological activity
• ISSN: 0022-2623; 1520-4804
• DOI: 10.1021/jm00388a020

5-Substituted 2',3'-dideoxycytidine analogues have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their capabilities to protect T4+ lymphocytes from the cytopathic effects of the HTLV-III/LAV (HIV) virus, the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These analogues were designed to be more lipophilic than 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) in order to enhance central nervous system penetration. Earlier reports had shown that ddC is a potent protective agent. When ddC is substituted at the 5-position with either methyl or bromo substituents, activity is completely abolished. However, when the substitution is fluoro (5-F-ddC), both activity and potency are retained. 2',3'-Dideoxy-5-azacytidine is also protective but more toxic than ddC or 5-F-ddC. In a different approach, an attempt was made to utilize ddCMP, ddTMP, and ddAMP as preformed nucleotides in order to circumvent the generally low level of phosphorylation achieved with dideoxynucleosides which function as relatively poor substrates for the cellular kinases. Only ddAMP is as active as its nucleoside precursor. Because ddAMP is not more active than ddA at low concentrations, it is possible that the active agent is ddA which is generated from ddAMP prior to cell entry.