Resolving stratigraphic architecture and constraining ages of paralic strata in a low‐accommodation setting, Firebag Tributary, McMurray Formation, Canada

• Published in: The depositional record Vol. 8; no. 2; pp. 754 - 785
• Main Authors: Rinke‐Hardekopf, Lucian, Dashtgard, Shahin E., MacEachern, James A., Gingras, Murray K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.06.2022; Wiley
• Subjects: Coal; delta plains; Flooding; geochronology; Oil sands; palaeosol; Paleoshorelines; paralic strata; Sea level; Stratigraphy; Tidal marshes; Tributaries; Woodlands; Canada; Canadian Shield
• ISSN: 2055-4877; 2055-4877
• DOI: 10.1002/dep2.181

The McMurray Formation in McMurray Depocentre, Canada, is typically subdivided into stratigraphic units based on regionally mappable marine mudstones, the bases of which define flooding surfaces (bottom to top: Lower McMurray, C2, C1, B2, B1, A2, A1 depositional unit). However, the McMurray Formation comprises a variety of palaeoenvironments, with the north‐eastern Firebag Tributary hosting significant delta‐plain deposits in the Lower McMurray and B1 depositional units. Facies analysis of 60 cores and 4763 wireline logs was used to resolve the palaeoshoreline trajectory and stratigraphic architecture in Firebag Tributary. Of 14 identified facies, three delta‐plain facies reveal: (1) eluviated palaeosols, interpreted as shrublands and woodlands formed during base‐level fall; (2) gleyed palaeosols, interpreted as tidal marshes; and (3) coals formed in coastal mires, the two latter facies are interpreted to accumulate during base‐level rise. Eluviated palaeosols occur below the Lower McMurray coal seam, implying valley incision and a maximum regressive surface. Gleyed palaeosols underlying the coal seam atop the B1 depositional unit do not record base‐level fall. Wetting‐upward coals overlying either palaeosol facies indicate base‐level rise (i.e. major flooding surface). B1 depositional unit coals and gleyed palaeosols are overlain by shallow‐marine facies or are eroded by wave ravinement during transgression. Consequently, the tops of coals or gleyed palaeosols correlate to the bases of regional marine mudstones elsewhere in McMurray Depocentre. Stratigraphic cross sections showcase palaeoshoreline regression and transgression. During the Lower McMurray and B1 depositional units, widespread coals and palaeosols indicate the palaeoshoreline resided near the western edge of Firebag Tributary. Regression during C2 through B2 depositional units and A2 and A1 depositional units resulted in palaeoshorelines near the Alberta–Saskatchewan border. To complement a previously dated Lower McMurray ash (121.39 ± 0.2 Ma), a new high‐confidence maximum depositional age from ash in the B1 coal seam (115.09 ± 0.16 Ma) allows an estimate to be made of depositional duration, indicating depositional units represent ca 0.16 Myr. Strata of palaeo‐depositional environments formed landward of the shoreline are used to investigate the stratigraphic architecture of the Cretaceous McMurray Formation in the Firebag Tributary, Alberta Foreland Basin, Canada. While eluviated deeply palaeosols imply base‐level fall and potentially valley incision (form a maximum regressive surface), gleyed palaeosols and coals form during major base‐level rise (form a major flooding surface) and their tops correlate to the bases of regional marine mudstones found elsewhere in the basin. Lastly, paralic coal seams are highlighted as an exquisite depositional environment to preserve ash beds, aiding chronostratigraphic subdivision in formations largely devoid of age information.