Eukaryotic Microproteins
Microproteins are polypeptides of 100–150 amino acids or fewer that have not been annotated by genome annotation consortia, given their small size and other noncanonical properties. Translated microproteins are now known to number in the thousands in the human genome, to function in critical cellula...
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| Published in | Annual review of biochemistry Vol. 94; no. 1; pp. 1 - 28 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Annual Reviews
20.06.2025
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| Abstract | Microproteins are polypeptides of 100–150 amino acids or fewer that have not been annotated by genome annotation consortia, given their small size and other noncanonical properties. Translated microproteins are now known to number in the thousands in the human genome, to function in critical cellular and physiological processes, and to be dysregulated or mutated in diseases including neurodegeneration and cancer. Knowledge about microproteins has rapidly accumulated since the advent of ribosome profiling enabled their global discovery 15 years ago. In this review, we summarize what is known about eukaryotic microprotein discovery, the sequences and expression mechanisms of small open reading frames, and microprotein functions from yeast to human. |
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| AbstractList | Microproteins are polypeptides of 100–150 amino acids or fewer that have not been annotated by genome annotation consortia, given their small size and other noncanonical properties. Translated microproteins are now known to number in the thousands in the human genome, to function in critical cellular and physiological processes, and to be dysregulated or mutated in diseases including neurodegeneration and cancer. Knowledge about microproteins has rapidly accumulated since the advent of ribosome profiling enabled their global discovery 15 years ago. In this review, we summarize what is known about eukaryotic microprotein discovery, the sequences and expression mechanisms of small open reading frames, and microprotein functions from yeast to human. |
| Author | Slavoff, Sarah A Jaunbocus, Nadiya Ebenki, Valerie Su, Haomiao |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 2 Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; email sarah.slavoff@yale.edu 3 Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 – name: sarah.slavoff@yale.edu – name: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA – name: Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; email – name: 2 – name: 1 – name: Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nadiya surname: Jaunbocus fullname: Jaunbocus, Nadiya – sequence: 2 givenname: Valerie surname: Ebenki fullname: Ebenki, Valerie – sequence: 3 givenname: Haomiao surname: Su fullname: Su, Haomiao – sequence: 4 givenname: Sarah A surname: Slavoff fullname: Slavoff, Sarah A |
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| Keywords | small open reading frame smORF microprotein |
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| Snippet | Microproteins are polypeptides of 100–150 amino acids or fewer that have not been annotated by genome annotation consortia, given their small size and other... Microproteins are polypeptides of 100-150 amino acids or fewer that have not been annotated by genome annotation consortia, given their small size and other... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Humans Micropeptides microprotein Open Reading Frames Peptides - chemistry Peptides - genetics Peptides - metabolism Protein Biosynthesis Ribosomes - genetics Ribosomes - metabolism Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism small open reading frame smORF |
| Title | Eukaryotic Microproteins |
| URI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-080124-012840 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40245354 |
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