Salt-affected soils of the Barguzin Depression

• Published in: Eurasian soil science Vol. 50; no. 6; pp. 646 - 663
• Main Authors: Chernousenko, G. I., Pankova, E. I., Kalinina, N. V., Ubugunova, V. I., Rukhovich, D. I., Ubugunov, V. L., Tsyrempilov, E. G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Moscow Pleiades Publishing 01.06.2017; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Alluvial plains; Anaerobic conditions; Anaerobic processes; Anoxic conditions; Aquatic resources; Chemistry; Chlorides; Climate; Cracks; Cycles; Deep water; Discharge; Distribution; Drying; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Fault lines; Floodplains; Freeze-thawing; Freezing; Genesis and Geography of Soils; Geological faults; Geomorphology; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences; Groundwater; Lakes; Leaching; Migration; Permafrost; Rivers; Saline soils; Salinity; Salinity effects; Salinization; Salt; Salt lakes; Salts; Soil chemistry; Soil salinity; Soil surfaces; Soils; Soils, Salts in; Solutions; Specificity; Spring (season); Sulfate reduction; Sulfates; Sulphates; Summer; Surface water; Terraces; Tributaries; Water; Water flow; Water, Underground; Winter; soil salinization in intermontane depressions; geography of soils; genesis of soils; permafrost; groundwater discharge; degree and chemistry of soil salinization; cryoarid climate
• ISSN: 1064-2293; 1556-195X
• DOI: 10.1134/S1064229317060035

Factual materials on salt-affected soils in the Barguzin Depression (Buryat Republic) are generalized. A geomorphic map of the depression has been developed. The distribution of salt-affected soils and the specificity of salinization in different geomorphic regions are characterized. These soils tend to be developed within the low lacustrine–alluvial plain of the depression, on the floodplain of the Barguzin River and its tributaries. Smaller areas of salt-affected soils are found on the river terraces. They are virtually absent on ancient sandy ridged terraces (kuituns). The genesis and chemistry of soil salinization are mainly related to the discharge of slightly saline deep water along tectonic faults and fissures. An additional source of soil salinity is represented by surface water flows. The presence of permafrost preventing the leaching of salts and the cryoarid climate favoring the migration of salts toward the soil surface during the dry spring and early summer periods and during the soil freezing in the winter contribute to the soil salinization. Slightly saline hydromorphic solonchakous soils predominate among salt-affected soils of the depression; the portion of semihydromorphic saline soils is smaller. Automorphic saline soils rarely occur in the depression. Strongly saline soils— solonchaks—are widespread within lacustrine depressions around salt lakes. Soils of the soda and sulfate salinization predominate. The content of chlorides is small; their increased amounts, as well as the presence of sulfates, are indicative of the discharge of dee ground water onto the surface. The soda type of salinization is also related to the discharge of deep stratal water with further transformation of salt solutions during freeze–thaw cycles. Under anaerobic conditions, the formation of soda is favored the processes of sulfate reduction.