On the ages of resonant, eroded and fossil asteroid families

• Published in: Icarus (New York, N.Y. 1962) Vol. 288; pp. 240 - 264
• Main Authors: Milani, Andrea, Knežević, Zoran, Spoto, Federica, Cellino, Alberto, Novaković, Bojan, Tsirvoulis, Georgios
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 15.05.2017
• Subjects: Asteroids, Dynamics; Impact processes; Resonances, Orbital; Trojan asteroids; Impact processes; Resonances, Orbital; Trojan asteroids; Asteroids, Dynamics
• ISSN: 0019-1035; 1090-2643
• DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.12.030

•10 collisional ages of 9 families representing difficult cases.•New classifications in 1/1, 2/1, and 3/2 mean motion resonances.•Severely eroded “super-Hilda”, fossil Trojan families, a Griqua family.•Existence confirmed for the cratering family of (5) Astraea.•Observational tests of families: a challenge for observers. In this work we have estimated 10 collisional ages of 9 families for which for different reasons our previous attempts failed. In general, these are difficult cases that required dedicated effort, such as a new family classifications for asteroids in mean motion resonances, in particular the 1/1 and 2/1 with Jupiter, as well as a revision of the classification inside the 3/2 resonance. Of the families locked in mean motion resonances, by employing a numerical calibration to estimate the Yarkovsky effect in proper eccentricity, we succeeded in determining ages of the families of (1911) Schubart and of the “super-Hilda” family, assuming this is actually a severely eroded original family of (153) Hilda. In the Trojan region we found families with almost no Yarkovsky evolution, for which we could compute only physically implausible ages. Hence, we interpreted their modest dispersions of proper elements as implying that the Trojan asteroid families are fossil families, frozen at their proper elements determined by the original ejection velocity field. We have found a new family, among the Griquas locked in the 2/1 resonance with Jupiter, the family of (11097) 1994 UD1. We have estimated the ages of 6 families affected by secular resonances: families of (5) Astraea, (25) Phocaea, (283) Emma, (363) Padua, (686) Gersuind, and (945) Barcelona. By using in all these cases a numerical calibration method, we have shown that the secular resonances do not affect significantly the secular change of proper a. We have confirmed the existence of the family resulting from cratering on (5) Astraea by computing a new set of resonant proper elements adapted to the resonance g+g5−2g6: this new family has a much larger membership and has a shape compatible with simple collisional models. For the family of (145) Adeona we could estimate the age only after removal of a number of assumed interlopers. With the present paper we have concluded the series dedicated to the determination of asteroid ages with a uniform method. Overall we computed 53 ages for a total of 49 families. For the future work there remain families too small at present to provide reliable estimates, as well as some complex families (221, 135, 298) which may have more ages than we could currently estimate. Future improvement of some already determined family ages is also possible by increasing family membership, revising the calibrations, and using more reliable physical data.