Evidence that hPIV2 paramyxovirus antigenomes are edited during infection

We have assumed that paramyxovirus editing signals would operate strictly during mRNA synthesis, as it apparently makes no sense to edit antigenomes. Nevertheless, there is evidence here that the opposite is the case. If so, this alters our view of paramyxovirus replication, and we summarize what is...

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Published inmBio Vol. 16; no. 8; p. e0366724
Main Authors Ohta, Keisuke, Kawasaki, Junna, Kolakofsky, Daniel, Nishio, Machiko, Matsumoto, Yusuke
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Society for Microbiology 24.06.2025
Subjects
Genome, Viral
Humans
Opinion/Hypothesis
Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human - genetics
Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human - physiology
paramyxovirus
RNA Editing
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Viral - genetics
rule of six
viral replication
Virology
Virus Replication
viral replication
rule of six
RNA editing
paramyxovirus
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Abstract We have assumed that paramyxovirus editing signals would operate strictly during mRNA synthesis, as it apparently makes no sense to edit antigenomes. Nevertheless, there is evidence here that the opposite is the case. If so, this alters our view of paramyxovirus replication, and we summarize what is known about how its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase carries out its task of expressing alternate open reading frames during mRNA synthesis.
AbstractList Mononegavirus genomes contain -acting sequences that direct the formation of mRNA 5' and 3' ends during synthesis (gene start [GS] and gene end [GE]) but are silent during antigenome synthesis from the same genome template. Paramyxo- and filoviruses also carry an additional -acting sequence (EDIT) that directs the insertion of specific nucleotide during mRNA synthesis, expanding gene products. This "mRNA editing" is associated with viruses whose replication is governed by the rule of six. One might, therefore, assume that EDIT, like GS and GE, would be restricted to that of mRNA synthesis. However, accurate determination of the ratio of edited to unedited RNAs in different sub-populations of wild-type and mutant human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV2) infections finds evidence that antigenomes are also edited during infection. This alters our view of how the rule of six governs mononegavirus infections and why this rule, RNA editing, and bipartite promoters are linked. We have assumed that paramyxovirus editing signals would operate strictly during mRNA synthesis, as it apparently makes no sense to edit antigenomes. Nevertheless, there is evidence here that the opposite is the case. If so, this alters our view of paramyxovirus replication, and we summarize what is known about how its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase carries out its task of expressing alternate open reading frames during mRNA synthesis.
Mononegavirus genomes contain cis-acting sequences that direct the formation of mRNA 5' and 3' ends during synthesis (gene start [GS] and gene end [GE]) but are silent during antigenome synthesis from the same genome template. Paramyxo- and filoviruses also carry an additional cis-acting sequence (EDIT) that directs the insertion of specific nucleotide during mRNA synthesis, expanding gene products. This "mRNA editing" is associated with viruses whose replication is governed by the rule of six. One might, therefore, assume that EDIT, like GS and GE, would be restricted to that of mRNA synthesis. However, accurate determination of the ratio of edited to unedited RNAs in different sub-populations of wild-type and mutant human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV2) infections finds evidence that antigenomes are also edited during infection. This alters our view of how the rule of six governs mononegavirus infections and why this rule, RNA editing, and bipartite promoters are linked.Mononegavirus genomes contain cis-acting sequences that direct the formation of mRNA 5' and 3' ends during synthesis (gene start [GS] and gene end [GE]) but are silent during antigenome synthesis from the same genome template. Paramyxo- and filoviruses also carry an additional cis-acting sequence (EDIT) that directs the insertion of specific nucleotide during mRNA synthesis, expanding gene products. This "mRNA editing" is associated with viruses whose replication is governed by the rule of six. One might, therefore, assume that EDIT, like GS and GE, would be restricted to that of mRNA synthesis. However, accurate determination of the ratio of edited to unedited RNAs in different sub-populations of wild-type and mutant human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV2) infections finds evidence that antigenomes are also edited during infection. This alters our view of how the rule of six governs mononegavirus infections and why this rule, RNA editing, and bipartite promoters are linked.We have assumed that paramyxovirus editing signals would operate strictly during mRNA synthesis, as it apparently makes no sense to edit antigenomes. Nevertheless, there is evidence here that the opposite is the case. If so, this alters our view of paramyxovirus replication, and we summarize what is known about how its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase carries out its task of expressing alternate open reading frames during mRNA synthesis.IMPORTANCEWe have assumed that paramyxovirus editing signals would operate strictly during mRNA synthesis, as it apparently makes no sense to edit antigenomes. Nevertheless, there is evidence here that the opposite is the case. If so, this alters our view of paramyxovirus replication, and we summarize what is known about how its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase carries out its task of expressing alternate open reading frames during mRNA synthesis.
ABSTRACT Mononegavirus genomes contain cis-acting sequences that direct the formation of mRNA 5′ and 3′ ends during synthesis (gene start [GS] and gene end [GE]) but are silent during antigenome synthesis from the same genome template. Paramyxo- and filoviruses also carry an additional cis-acting sequence (EDIT) that directs the insertion of specific nucleotide during mRNA synthesis, expanding gene products. This “mRNA editing” is associated with viruses whose replication is governed by the rule of six. One might, therefore, assume that EDIT, like GS and GE, would be restricted to that of mRNA synthesis. However, accurate determination of the ratio of edited to unedited RNAs in different sub-populations of wild-type and mutant human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV2) infections finds evidence that antigenomes are also edited during infection. This alters our view of how the rule of six governs mononegavirus infections and why this rule, RNA editing, and bipartite promoters are linked.IMPORTANCEWe have assumed that paramyxovirus editing signals would operate strictly during mRNA synthesis, as it apparently makes no sense to edit antigenomes. Nevertheless, there is evidence here that the opposite is the case. If so, this alters our view of paramyxovirus replication, and we summarize what is known about how its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase carries out its task of expressing alternate open reading frames during mRNA synthesis.
We have assumed that paramyxovirus editing signals would operate strictly during mRNA synthesis, as it apparently makes no sense to edit antigenomes. Nevertheless, there is evidence here that the opposite is the case. If so, this alters our view of paramyxovirus replication, and we summarize what is known about how its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase carries out its task of expressing alternate open reading frames during mRNA synthesis.
Mononegavirus genomes contain cis -acting sequences that direct the formation of mRNA 5′ and 3′ ends during synthesis (gene start [GS] and gene end [GE]) but are silent during antigenome synthesis from the same genome template. Paramyxo- and filoviruses also carry an additional cis -acting sequence (EDIT) that directs the insertion of specific nucleotide during mRNA synthesis, expanding gene products. This “mRNA editing” is associated with viruses whose replication is governed by the rule of six. One might, therefore, assume that EDIT, like GS and GE, would be restricted to that of mRNA synthesis. However, accurate determination of the ratio of edited to unedited RNAs in different sub-populations of wild-type and mutant human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV2) infections finds evidence that antigenomes are also edited during infection. This alters our view of how the rule of six governs mononegavirus infections and why this rule, RNA editing, and bipartite promoters are linked.
Mononegavirus genomes contain cis-acting sequences that direct the formation of mRNA 5′ and 3′ ends during synthesis (gene start [GS] and gene end [GE]) but are silent during antigenome synthesis from the same genome template. Paramyxo- and filoviruses also carry an additional cis-acting sequence (EDIT) that directs the insertion of specific nucleotide during mRNA synthesis, expanding gene products. This “mRNA editing” is associated with viruses whose replication is governed by the rule of six. One might, therefore, assume that EDIT, like GS and GE, would be restricted to that of mRNA synthesis. However, accurate determination of the ratio of edited to unedited RNAs in different sub-populations of wild-type and mutant human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV2) infections finds evidence that antigenomes are also edited during infection. This alters our view of how the rule of six governs mononegavirus infections and why this rule, RNA editing, and bipartite promoters are linked.IMPORTANCEWe have assumed that paramyxovirus editing signals would operate strictly during mRNA synthesis, as it apparently makes no sense to edit antigenomes. Nevertheless, there is evidence here that the opposite is the case. If so, this alters our view of paramyxovirus replication, and we summarize what is known about how its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase carries out its task of expressing alternate open reading frames during mRNA synthesis.
Author Kawasaki, Junna
Kolakofsky, Daniel
Ohta, Keisuke
Nishio, Machiko
Matsumoto, Yusuke
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Issue 8
Keywords viral replication
rule of six
RNA editing
paramyxovirus
Language English
License This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
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Yusuke Matsumoto receives compensation from Denka Co., Ltd. The other authors declare no competing interest.
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SSID ssj0000331830
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Snippet We have assumed that paramyxovirus editing signals would operate strictly during mRNA synthesis, as it apparently makes no sense to edit antigenomes....
Mononegavirus genomes contain -acting sequences that direct the formation of mRNA 5' and 3' ends during synthesis (gene start [GS] and gene end [GE]) but are...
Mononegavirus genomes contain cis-acting sequences that direct the formation of mRNA 5′ and 3′ ends during synthesis (gene start [GS] and gene end [GE]) but...
Mononegavirus genomes contain cis-acting sequences that direct the formation of mRNA 5' and 3' ends during synthesis (gene start [GS] and gene end [GE]) but...
Mononegavirus genomes contain cis -acting sequences that direct the formation of mRNA 5′ and 3′ ends during synthesis (gene start [GS] and gene end [GE]) but...
ABSTRACT Mononegavirus genomes contain cis-acting sequences that direct the formation of mRNA 5′ and 3′ ends during synthesis (gene start [GS] and gene end...
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StartPage e0366724
SubjectTerms Genome, Viral
Humans
Opinion/Hypothesis
Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human - genetics
Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human - physiology
paramyxovirus
RNA Editing
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Viral - genetics
rule of six
viral replication
Virology
Virus Replication
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Title Evidence that hPIV2 paramyxovirus antigenomes are edited during infection
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40552829
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.03667-24
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3223636715
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12345181
https://doaj.org/article/8cacc5802c294264abc4156748ffe45f
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