Flexible, Air-Stable, High-Performance Heaters Based on Nanoscale-Thick Graphite Films

• Published in: ACS applied materials & interfaces Vol. 14; no. 15; pp. 17899 - 17910
• Main Authors: Deokar, Geetanjali, Reguig, Abdeldjalil, Tripathi, Manoj, Buttner, Ulrich, Fina, Alberto, Dalton, Alan B, Costa, Pedro M. F. J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Chemical Society 20.04.2022
• Subjects: Surfaces, Interfaces, and Applications; low power; modeling; electrothermal heater; graphite film; flexible
• ISSN: 1944-8244; 1944-8252
• DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23803

Graphite sheets are known to exhibit remarkable performance in applications such as heating panels and critical elements of thermal management systems. Industrial-scale production of graphite films relies on high-temperature treatment of polymers or calendering of graphite flakes; however, these methods are limited to obtaining micrometer-scale thicknesses. Herein, we report the fabrication of a flexible and power-efficient cm2-scaled heater based on a polycrystalline nanoscale-thick graphite film (NGF, ∼100 nm thick) grown by chemical vapor deposition. The stability of these NGF heaters (operational in air over the range 30–300 °C) is demonstrated by a 12-day continuous heating test, at 215 °C. The NGF exhibits a fast switching response and attains a steady peak temperature of 300 °C at a driving bias of 7.8 V (power density of 1.1 W/cm2). This excellent heating performance is attributed to the structural characteristics of the NGF, which contains well-distributed wrinkles and micrometer-wide few-layer graphene domains (characterized using conductive imaging and finite element methods, respectively). The efficiency and flexibility of the NGF device are exemplified by externally heating a 2000 μm-thick Pyrex glass vial and bringing 5 mL of water to a temperature of 96 °C (at 2.4 W/cm2). Overall, the NGF could become an excellent active material for ultrathin, flexible, and sustainable heating panels that operate at low power.