Cellular Responses to Cytosolic Double-stranded RNA- The Role of the Inflammasome

Sensing the presence of a pathogen is an evolutionarily ancient trait, especially for cells of the innate immune system. The innate immune response against pathogens, such as viruses, begins with recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by specific pattern-recognition receptors...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inImmunology and Immunogenetics Insights Vol. 2014; no. 2014; pp. 7 - 11
Main Author Idris, Adi
Format Journal Article Book Review
LanguageEnglish
Published London, England Libertas Academica 09.11.2014
SAGE Publishing
SAGE Publications
Sage Publications Ltd. (UK)
Subjects
Genetic aspects
Immune response
Inflammation
Properties
RNA
dsRNA
NLRP3
poly I:C
inflammasome
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Summary:Sensing the presence of a pathogen is an evolutionarily ancient trait, especially for cells of the innate immune system. The innate immune response against pathogens, such as viruses, begins with recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by specific pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Cytosolic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is emerging as a critical PAMP in the detection of viral infections. This recognition results in the production of antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines and, often, the death of the virus-infected cell. This review focuses on the current developments in the role of inflammasomes in response to the presence of cytosolic dsRNA in host cells. More importantly, it highlights important unanswered questions that if addressed will help us better understand the ways in which host cells respond to viral infection, in particular RNA viruses.
ISSN:1178-6345
1178-6345
DOI:10.4137/III.S17839