Kinetics and Equilibrium Sorption Studies of 4-Nitrophenol on pyrolyzed and activated oil shale residue

• Published in: Environmental earth sciences Vol. 45; no. 8; pp. 1109 - 1117
• Main Authors: AL-ASHEH, Sameer, BANAT, Fawzi, MASAD, Asmahan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin Springer 01.06.2004; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Exact sciences and technology; Fluidized bed reactors; Hydrocarbons; Isotherms; Kinetics; Oil shale; Pollution, environment geology; Sedimentary rocks; Sodium chloride; Sorbents; Sorption; Middle East; Jordan; chlorides; experimental studies; models; phenols; concentration; isotherms; pollution; halides; sorption; pollutants; sedimentary rocks; Physical activation; 4-Nitrophenol; pyrolysis; Chemical activation; Asia; pH; temperature; equilibrium; kinetics; Jordan; zinc; oil shale
• ISSN: 0943-0105; 1866-6280; 1432-0495; 1866-6299
• DOI: 10.1007/s00254-004-0969-4

Sorption of the organic pollutant 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) by pyrolyzed and activated Jordanian oil-shale was studied. Pyrolyzed oil shale was prepared using a fluidized bed reactor at 520 °C in the presence of nitrogen. Physical activation was carried out by treating the pyrolyzed oil shale with CO^sub 2^ at 830 °C, while chemical activation was achieved by using KOH and ZnCl^sub 2^ as impregnating agents. Batch kinetics and isotherm studies were conducted to evaluate the sorption process. Effects of contact time, initial sorbate concentration, sorbent concentration, temperature, pH and inorganic salts (NaCl and KCl) on the sorption process by the different sorbents were considered. Chemically activated oil shale, pretreated with ZnCl^sub 2^, gave the highest uptake of 4-NP. The isotherm experimental data fit reasonably well to Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Paterson models. Three kinetic models, namely the Morris-Weber, Lagergren, and Pseudo-Second-Order model (PSOM), were applied to represent the experimental results for both pyrolyzed and ZnCl^sub 2^-oil shale sorbents.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]