Role of omega-3 fatty acids in reducing proteinuria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol. 33; no. 3; pp. 313 - 318
• Main Authors: Fei, Liangyu, Huang, Rizhen, Li, Zhong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Clayton, Vic HEC Press 01.09.2024; APJCN
• Subjects: Cardiovascular disease; Clinical trials; Cross-sectional studies; Dietary Supplements; Evaluation; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - therapeutic use; Humans; Intervention; Kidney diseases; Meta-analysis; Methodology; Omega-3 fatty acids; Proteins; Proteinuria; Proteinuria - drug therapy; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Review; Systematic review; meta-analysis; omega-3 fatty acids; systematic review; proteinuria
• ISSN: 0964-7058; 1440-6047; 1440-6047
• DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202409_33(3).0003

Background and Objectives: Proteinuria, a hallmark of renal and systemic disorders, is associated with adverse outcomes, especially in chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Omega-3 fatty acids have garnered attention for their cardiovascular benefits and potential therapeutic effects on proteinuria. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on proteinuria levels across various kidney-related conditions. Methods and Study Design: Studies published from 1989 to 2023 were systematically identified, including randomized controlled trials, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. Nine studies involving a total of 347 participants were included in the analysis. Results: The meta-analysis revealed a neutral overall effect size of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on proteinuria levels, assessed under both common and random effect models. Despite the lack of statistically significant evidence supporting the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in reducing proteinuria, the variability in interventions and patient populations suggests potential individual responses. Conclusions: The findings highlight the heterogeneity in responses to omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and emphasize the need for cautious interpretation. While no definitive conclusion can be drawn, the results underscore the importance of targeted research focusing on specific subgroups or conditions that May benefit from omega-3 supplementation. These findings contribute to the evolving understanding of personalized kidney health strategies and pave the way for further exploration and optimization of omega-3 fatty acids' therapeutic applications.