Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Thiazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives as a Novel Class of Glutaminase Inhibitors

• Published in: Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol. 60; no. 13; pp. 5599 - 5612
• Main Authors: Yeh, Teng-Kuang, Kuo, Ching-Chuan, Lee, Yue-Zhi, Ke, Yi-Yu, Chu, Kuang-Feng, Hsu, Hsing-Yu, Chang, Hsin-Yu, Liu, Yu-Wei, Song, Jen-Shin, Yang, Cheng-Wei, Lin, Li-Mei, Sun, Manwu, Wu, Szu-Huei, Kuo, Po-Chu, Shih, Chuan, Chen, Chiung-Tong, Tsou, Lun Kelvin, Lee, Shiow-Ju
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: WASHINGTON American Chemical Society 13.07.2017; Amer Chemical Soc
• Subjects: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents - blood; Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology; Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Chemistry, Medicinal; Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors - blood; Enzyme Inhibitors - chemistry; Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology; Enzyme Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Glutaminase - antagonists & inhibitors; Glutaminase - metabolism; Humans; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Models, Molecular; Pancreas - drug effects; Pancreas - metabolism; Pancreas - pathology; Pancreatic Neoplasms - drug therapy; Pancreatic Neoplasms - metabolism; Pancreatic Neoplasms - pathology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Science & Technology; Thiazolidinediones - blood; Thiazolidinediones - chemistry; Thiazolidinediones - pharmacology; Thiazolidinediones - therapeutic use; CELLS; KIDNEY-TYPE GLUTAMINASE; METABOLISM; MECHANISM; ALLOSTERIC INHIBITOR; MITOCHONDRIAL GLUTAMINASE; CANCER; EXPRESSION; CARCINOMA; AGONISTS
• ISSN: 0022-2623; 1520-4804
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00282

Humans have two glutaminase genes, GLS (GLS1) and GLS2, each of which has two alternative transcripts: the kidney isoform (KGA) and glutaminase C (GAC) for GLS, and the liver isoform (LGA) and glutaminase B (GAB) for GLS2. Initial hit compound (Z)-5-((1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)­methylene)­thiazolidine-2,4-dione (2), a thiazolidine-2,4-dione, was obtained from a high throughput screening of 40 000 compounds against KGA. Subsequently, a series of thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives was synthesized. Most of these were found to inhibit KGA and GAC with comparable activities, were less potent inhibitors of GAB, and were moderately selective for GLS1 over GLS2. The relationships between chemical structure, activity, and selectivity were investigated. The lead compounds obtained were found to (1) offer in vitro cellular activities for inhibiting cell growth, clonogenicity, and cellular glutamate production, (2) exhibit high concentrations of exposure in plasma by a pharmacokinetic study, and (3) reduce the tumor size of xenografted human pancreatic AsPC-1 carcinoma cells in mice.