Acute Effects of Passive Smoking on the Coronary Circulation in Healthy Young Adults

• Published in: JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association Vol. 286; no. 4; pp. 436 - 441
• Main Authors: Otsuka, Ryo, Watanabe, Hiroyuki, Hirata, Kumiko, Tokai, Kotaro, Muro, Takashi, Yoshiyama, Minoru, Takeuchi, Kazuhide, Yoshikawa, Junichi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chicago, IL American Medical Association 25.07.2001
• Subjects: Adenosine Triphosphate - administration & dosage; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Blood vessels; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin - metabolism; Cardiovascular system; Circulatory system; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Vessels - physiology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Echocardiography, Doppler; Endothelium, Vascular; Experiments; Heart Rate; Humans; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Male; Medical research; Medical sciences; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution - adverse effects; Tobacco, tobacco smoking; Toxicology; Ultrasonic investigative techniques; Asia; Japan; Sonography; Human; Healthy subject; Toxicity; Tobacco smoking; Coronary artery; Male; Duplex ultrasonography; Toxicology; Cross sectional study; Young adult; Passive smoking; Medical imagery; Comparative study
• ISSN: 0098-7484; 1538-3598
• DOI: 10.1001/jama.286.4.436

CONTEXT Recent studies have shown that passive smoking is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease and may be associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. The acute effects of passive smoking on coronary circulation in nonsmokers are not known. OBJECTIVE To determine the acute effects of passive smoking on coronary circulation using coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR), assessed by noninvasive transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study conducted from September 2000 to November 2000 among 30 Japanese men (mean age, 27 years; 15 healthy nonsmokers and 15 asymptomatic active smokers) without history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or hyperlipidemia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Coronary flow velocity reserve, calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to basal coronary flow velocity induced by intravenous infusion of adenosine triphosphate and measured in each participant before and after a 30-minute exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. RESULTS Heart rate and blood pressure responses to adenosine triphosphate infusion were not affected by passive smoking exposure in either group. Passive smoking exposure had no effect on basal coronary flow velocity in either group. Mean (SD) CFVR in nonsmokers was significantly higher than that in active smokers before passive smoking exposure (4.4 [0.91] vs 3.6 [0.88], respectively; P = .02), while CFVR after passive smoking exposure did not differ between groups (P = .83). Passive smoking exposure significantly reduced mean (SD) CFVR in nonsmokers (4.4 [0.91] vs 3.4 [0.73], respectively; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Passive smoking substantially reduced CFVR in healthy nonsmokers. This finding provides direct evidence that passive smoking may cause endothelial dysfunction of the coronary circulation in nonsmokers.