Flow variability and the biophysical vitality of river systems

We illustrate the fundamental importance of fluctuations in natural water flows to the long-term sustainability and productivity of riverine ecosystems and their riparian areas. Natural flows are characterized by temporal and spatial heterogeneity in the magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, rate...

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Published inComptes rendus. Geoscience Vol. 340; no. 9-10; pp. 629 - 643
Main Authors Naiman, Robert J., Latterell, Joshua J., Pettit, Neil E., Olden, Julian D.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 01.09.2008
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Summary:We illustrate the fundamental importance of fluctuations in natural water flows to the long-term sustainability and productivity of riverine ecosystems and their riparian areas. Natural flows are characterized by temporal and spatial heterogeneity in the magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, rate of change, and predictability of discharge. These characteristics, for a specific river or a collection of rivers within a defined region, shape species life histories over evolutionary (millennial) time scales as well as structure the ecological processes and productivity of aquatic and riparian communities. Extreme events - uncommon floods or droughts - are especially important in that they either reset or alter physical and chemical conditions underpinning the long-term development of biotic communities. We present the theoretical rationale for maintaining flow variability to sustain ecological communities and processes, and illustrate the importance of flow variability in two case studies - one from a semi-arid savanna river in South Africa and the other from a temperate rainforest river in North America. We then discuss the scientific challenges of determining the discharge patterns needed for environmental sustainability in a world where rivers, increasingly harnessed for human uses, are experiencing substantially altered flow characteristics relative to their natural states.Original Abstract: Nous illustrons l'importance fondamentale des flux hydriques naturels pour la permanence a long terme et la productivite des ecosystemes lotiques et riverains. Les flux naturels sont caracterises par une heterogeneite temporelle et spatiale des debits, de par leur ampleur, frequence, duree, calendrier, vitesse de changement et predictibilite. Ces caracteristiques, pour une riviere ou l'ensemble des rivieres d'une region donnee, faconnent les histoires de vie des especes sur des echelles de temps milleniales, de meme qu'elles structurent les processus ecologiques et la productivite des communautes aquatiques et riveraines. Les evenements extremes - crues ou secheresses inhabituelles - sont particulierement importants, en ceci qu'ils retablissent ou modifient les conditions physiques et chimiques du developpement a long terme des communautes biotiques. Nous presentons les bases theoriques d'une preservation des regimes de debit, dans le but d'entretenir les communautes et les processus ecologiques. Nous illustrons l'importance de la variabilite des debits par deux etudes de cas - une riviere de savane semi-aride en Afrique du Sud et une riviere de foret pluvieuse temperee en Amerique du Nord. Nous discutons ensuite la question des regimes de debit necessaires a la permanence des ecosystemes dans un monde ou les rivieres, de plus en plus soumises a des usages anthropiques, subissent des alterations substantielles par rapport a leur etat naturel.
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ISSN:1778-7025
1631-0713
1778-7025
DOI:10.1016/j.crte.2008.01.002