Antagonistic mechanism of Bacillus velezensis HX0039 as a biocontrol agent against Trichoderma virens -induced “Sanghuang” green mold

“Sanghuang” mushroom is a valuable edible and medicinal fungus. It provides numerous health benefits, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunity-enhancing properties. However, its growth is affected by green mold disease caused by Trichoderma, which severely hampers yield and quality. Conv...

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Published inApplied and environmental microbiology Vol. 91; no. 8; p. e0000525
Main Authors Zhang, Ying, Gao, Wenheng, Zhang, Hui, Sun, Tao, Yang, Huixiang, Liu, Yan, Han, Xiaoyang, Yin, Dengke, Xu, Weifang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Society for Microbiology 08.07.2025
Subjects
Agaricales
Animals
Antibiosis
Antifungal Agents - pharmacology
Bacillus - genetics
Bacillus - physiology
Biological Control Agents - pharmacology
Environmental Microbiology
Mice
Pest Control, Biological
Trichoderma - drug effects
Trichoderma - growth & development
Trichoderma - physiology
"Sanghuang" mushroom
green mold
lipopeptide
biocontrol
genome mining
Bacillus velezensis
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0099-2240
1098-5336
1098-5336
DOI10.1128/aem.00005-25

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Summary:“Sanghuang” mushroom is a valuable edible and medicinal fungus. It provides numerous health benefits, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunity-enhancing properties. However, its growth is affected by green mold disease caused by Trichoderma, which severely hampers yield and quality. Conventional fungicide-based control methods have drawbacks like health and environmental risks, as well as the emergence of resistant pathogens. This study innovatively focuses on Bacillus velezensis HX0039, a strain proven to be safe for both “Sanghuang” mushrooms and mice. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that HX0039 not only exhibits strong antifungal activity but also effectively prevents and controls the occurrence of “Sanghuang” green mold disease. Furthermore, the novelty of this research lies in its potential mechanism of action: HX0039 produces diverse metabolites like lipopeptides (especially iturin A), macrolactin A, and bacillibactin to exert its antagonistic activities. Therefore, this work demonstrates the great potential of B. velezensis HX0039 as an alternative to chemical fungicides in “Sanghuang” production.
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The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Ying Zhang, Wenheng Gao, and Hui Zhang contributed equally to this article. Author order was determined through joint discussion.
ISSN:0099-2240
1098-5336
1098-5336
DOI:10.1128/aem.00005-25