Trace Elements in Vegetable Oils after Hydroconversion into Advanced-Generation Biocomponents

• Published in: Energy & fuels Vol. 31; no. 2; pp. 1536 - 1543
• Main Authors: Jęczmionek, Łukasz, Kozak, Marek, Badura, Xymena, Stępień, Zbigniew, Ziemiański, Leszek, Żak, Grażyna, Krasodomski, Wojciech, Wcisło, Grzegorz
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: American Chemical Society 16.02.2017
• ISSN: 0887-0624; 1520-5029
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01310

Direct hydroconversion of vegetable oils (by a one-stage process) and hydroconversion of vegetable oil zeoformates (by a two-stage process) lead to hydroraffinates that contain trace elements. The concentrations of these trace elements must be below the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry determination limit, in accordance with the recommendations and requirements specified in the relevant legislation (Worldwide Fuel Charter). In this work, it was found that some trace elements (Na, Ca, Mg, and P) are deposited on the catalyst surface during the initial zeoforming of vegetable oils. At the same time, other ions (Al) can be removed by elution from the surface of the zeolite catalyst. During hydroconversion, most of the trace elements present in vegetable oils and zeoformates pass into the aqueous phase.