Gadolinium-Loaded Poly(N‑vinylcaprolactam) Nanogels: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Enhanced Tumor MR Imaging
We report the synthesis of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) nanogels (PVCL NGs) loaded with gadolinium (Gd) for tumor MR imaging applications. The PVCL NGs were synthesized via precipitation polymerization using the monomer N-vinylcaprolactam (VCL), the comonomer acrylic acid (AAc), and the degradable cros...
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Published in | ACS applied materials & interfaces Vol. 9; no. 4; pp. 3411 - 3418 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
American Chemical Society
01.02.2017
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | We report the synthesis of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) nanogels (PVCL NGs) loaded with gadolinium (Gd) for tumor MR imaging applications. The PVCL NGs were synthesized via precipitation polymerization using the monomer N-vinylcaprolactam (VCL), the comonomer acrylic acid (AAc), and the degradable cross-linker 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro-[5,5]-undecane (VOU) in aqueous solution, followed by covalently binding with 2,2′,2″-(10-(4-((2-aminoethyl)amino)-1-carboxy-4-oxobutyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl) triacetic acid (NH2-DOTA-GA)/Gd complexes. We show that the formed Gd-loaded PVCL NGs (PVCL-Gd NGs) having a size of 180.67 ± 11.04 nm are water dispersible, colloidally stable, uniform in size distribution, and noncytotoxic in a range of the studied concentrations. The PVCL-Gd NGs also display a r1 relaxivity (6.38–7.10 mM–1 s–1), which is much higher than the clinically used Gd chelates. These properties afforded the use of the PVCL-Gd NGs as an effective positive contrast agent for enhanced MR imaging of cancer cells in vitro as well as a subcutaneous tumor model in vivo. Our study suggests that the developed PVCL-Gd NGs could be applied as a promising contrast agent for T 1-weighted MR imaging of diverse biosystems. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 1944-8244 1944-8252 |
DOI: | 10.1021/acsami.6b14219 |