Corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus of patients with Alzheimer's disease and depression

• Published in: The American journal of psychiatry Vol. 152; no. 9; p. 1372
• Main Authors: Raadsheer, F C, van Heerikhuize, J J, Lucassen, P J, Hoogendijk, W J, Tilders, F J, Swaab, D F
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.09.1995
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aging - metabolism; Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis; Alzheimer Disease - etiology; Alzheimer Disease - metabolism; Cell Count; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone - analysis; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone - biosynthesis; Depressive Disorder - diagnosis; Depressive Disorder - etiology; Depressive Disorder - metabolism; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Middle Aged; Neurons - chemistry; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - chemistry; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - cytology; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - metabolism; RNA, Messenger - metabolism
• ISSN: 0002-953X
• DOI: 10.1176/ajp.152.9.1372

Greater activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is associated with specific neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and depression. Hyperactivation of paraventricular corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons may form the basis of this increased activity of the HPA axis. Activation of the CRH neurons was determined through measurement of the amount of CRH-mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus by using quantitative, in situ hybridization histochemistry with systematically sampled frontal sections through the hypothalamus of routinely formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded autopsy brain material of 10 comparison subjects, 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease, and seven depressed patients. CRH-mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus of Alzheimer's patients were markedly higher than those of comparison subjects, whereas CRH-mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus of depressed patients were even higher than the levels of Alzheimer's patients. Paraventricular CRH neurons in Alzheimer's disease and depression are hyperactivated, and this hyperactivation may contribute to the etiology of these disorders.