Parylene C Coating Efficacy Studies: Enhancing Biocompatibility of 3D Printed Polyurethane Parts for Biopharmaceutical and CGT Applications

• Published in: ACS applied bio materials Vol. 7; no. 8; pp. 5369 - 5381
• Main Authors: Menzel, Roberto, Budde, Dana, Maier, Tanja, Pahl, Ina, Raddatz, Lukas, Lausch, Ralf, Zumbrum, Michael, Hauk, Armin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Chemical Society 19.08.2024
• Subjects: Animals; Biocompatible Materials - chemistry; Biocompatible Materials - pharmacology; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cell Survival - drug effects; CHO Cells; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - chemistry; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - pharmacology; Cricetulus; Materials Testing; Particle Size; Polymers - chemistry; Polymers - pharmacology; Polyurethanes - chemistry; Polyurethanes - pharmacology; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Xylenes - chemistry; Xylenes - pharmacology; Vat photopolymerization; Extractables and Leachables; Additive Manufacturing; Parylene C Coating; Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity; Single-Use Components
• ISSN: 2576-6422; 2576-6422
• DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00561

Additive manufacturing, particularly Vat photopolymerization, presents a promising technique for producing complex, tailor-made structures, making it an attractive option for generating single-use components used in biopharmaceutical manufacturing equipment or cell culture devices. However, the potential leaching of cytotoxic compounds from Vat photopolymer resins poses a significant concern, especially regarding cell growth and viability in cell culture applications. This study explores the potential of parylene C coating to enhance the inertness of a polyurethane-based photopolymer resin, aiming to prevent cytotoxicity and improve biocompatibility. The study includes an analysis of extractables from the resin and photoinitiator to evaluate the resin’s composition and to define selected marker compounds for investigating the coating efficiency. The time-dependent accumulation of relevant extractable compounds over a 70-day period are assessed to address the long-term use of the coated components. The impact of irradiation on the material and the coating was evaluated, along with an accelerated aging study to address the long-term performance of the coating. Biocompatibility in terms of in vitro cell growth studies is evaluated using Chinese hamster ovary cells, a standard cell line in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Results demonstrate that parylene C coating significantly reduces the release of cytotoxic compounds, such as the photoinitiator diphenyl­(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)­phosphine oxide (TPO). Although accelerated aging indicates a reduction in the barrier properties of the coating over time, the parylene C coating still effectively slows the release of extractables and significantly improves cell compatibility of the 3D printed parts. The findings suggest that parylene C-coated components can be safely integrated into biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes, with recommendations to minimize storage times between coating application and use to ensure optimal performance.