Design and Evaluation of Hybrid Fault-Detection Systems

• Published in: 32nd International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA'05) pp. 148 - 159
• Main Authors: Reis, George A., Chang, Jonathan, Vachharajani, Neil, Rangan, Ram, August, David I., Mukherjee, Shubhendu S.
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC, USA IEEE Computer Society 01.05.2005; IEEE
• Series: ACM Conferences
• Subjects: Clocks; Computer systems organization > Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks; Computer systems organization > Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks > Availability; Computer systems organization > Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks > Maintainability and maintenance; Computer systems organization > Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks > Reliability; Costs; Error correction codes; Fault diagnosis; Fault tolerance; General and reference > Cross-computing tools and techniques > Design; General and reference > Cross-computing tools and techniques > Performance; General and reference > Cross-computing tools and techniques > Reliability; Hardware; Hardware > Integrated circuits; Microprocessors; Protection; Security and privacy > Software and application security > Software security engineering; Software and its engineering > Software organization and properties > Software functional properties > Correctness > Access protection; Software systems; Space technology
• ISBN: 076952270X; 9780769522708
• ISSN: 1063-6897; 2575-713X
• DOI: 10.1109/ISCA.2005.21

As chip densities and clock rates increase, processors are becoming more susceptible to transient faults that can affect program correctness. Up to now, system designers have primarily considered hardware-only and software-only fault-detection mechanisms to identify and mitigate the deleterious effects of transient faults. These two fault-detection systems, however, are extremes in the design space, representing sharp trade-offs between hardware cost, reliability, and performance. In this paper, we identify hybrid hardware/software fault-detection mechanisms as promising alternatives to hardware-only and software-only systems. These hybrid systems offer designers more options to fit their reliability needs within their hardware and performance budgets. We propose and evaluate CRAFT, a suite of three such hybrid techniques, to illustrate the potential of the hybrid approach. For fair, quantitative comparisons among hardware, software, and hybrid systems, we introduce a new metric, Mean Work To Failure, which is able to compare systems for which machine instructions do not represent a constant unit of work. Additionally, we present a new simulation framework which rapidly assesses reliability and does not depend on manual identification of failure modes. Our evaluation illustrates that CRAFT, and hybrid techniques in general, offer attractive options in the fault-detection design space.